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PHP5中的this,self和parent关键字详解教程

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:32 PM
parent php5 self th this Keywords and us Tutorial Detailed explanation first

首先我们来明白上面三个关键字: this,self,parent,从字面上比较好理解,是指这,自己,父亲,呵呵,比较好玩了,我们先建立几个概念,这三个关键字分别是用在什么地方呢?我们初步解释一下,this是指向当前对象的指针(我们姑且用C里面的指针来看吧),self是指向当前类的指针,parent是指向父类的指针。我们这里频繁使用指针来描述,是因为没有更好的语言来表达,呵呵,语文没学好。 -_-#
这么说还不能很了解,那我们就根据实际的例子结合来讲讲。
(1) this

复制代码 代码如下:


 class UserName 
 {  
     //定义属性     
     private $name; 
     //定义构造函数 
     function __construct( $name ) 
     { 
          $this->name = $name; //这里已经使用了this指针 
     } 
     //析构函数 
     function __destruct(){} 
     //打印用户名成员函数 
     function printName() 
     { 
          print( $this->name ); //又使用了this指针 
     } 
 } 
 //实例化对象 
 $nameObject = new UserName( "heiyeluren" ); 
 //执行打印 
 $nameObject->printName(); //输出: heiyeluren 
 //第二次实例化对象 
 $nameObject = new UserName( "PHP" ); 
 //执行打印 
 $nameObject->printName(); //输出:PHP 
 ?>  


我们看,上面的类分别在行和行使用了this指针,那么当时this是指向谁呢?其实this是在实例化的时候来确定指向谁,比如第一次实例化对象的时候(行),那么当时this就是指向$nameObject对象,那么执行行的打印的时候就把print( $this->name ),那么当然就输出了"heiyeluren"。第二个实例的时候,print( $this->name )变成了print( $nameObject->name ),于是就输出了"PHP"。所以说,this就是指向当前对象实例的指针,不指向任何其他对象或类。 
(2)self
首先我们要明确一点,self是指向类本身,也就是self是不指向任何已经实例化的对象,一般self使用来指向类中的静态变量。

复制代码 代码如下:


     class Counter 
     { 
         //定义属性,包括一个静态变量 
         private static $firstCount = ; 
         private $lastCount; 
         //构造函数 
         function __construct() 
         { 
              $this->lastCount = ++selft::$firstCount; //使用self来调用静态变量,使用self调用必须使用::(域运算符号) 
         } 
         //打印最次数值 
         function printLastCount() 
         { 
              print( $this->lastCount ); 
         }  
     } 
 //实例化对象 
 $countObject = new Counter(); 
 $countObject->printLastCount(); //输出  
 ?>  


我们这里只要注意两个地方,第行和第行。我们在第二行定义了一个静态变量$firstCount,并且初始值为,那么在行的时候调用了这个值得,使用的是self来调用,并且中间使用"::"来连接,就是我们所谓的域运算符,那么这时候我们调用的就是类自己定义的静态变量$frestCount,我们的静态变量与下面对象的实例无关,它只是跟类有关,那么我调用类本身的的,那么我们就无法使用this来引用,可以使用self来引用,因为self是指向类本身,与任何对象实例无关。换句话说,假如我们的类里面静态的成员,我们也必须使用self来调用。
(3)parent
我们知道parent是指向父类的指针,一般我们使用parent来调用父类的构造函数。

复制代码 代码如下:


 //基类 
 class Animal 
 { 
     //基类的属性 
     public $name; //名字 
     //基类的构造函数 
     public function __construct( $name ) 
     { 
          $this->name = $name; 
     } 
 } 
 //派生类 
 class Person extends Animal //Person类继承了Animal类 
 { 
     public $personSex; //性别 
     public $personAge; //年龄 
     //继承类的构造函数 
     function __construct( $personSex, $personAge ) 
     { 
          parent::__construct( "heiyeluren" ); //使用parent调用了父类的构造函数 
          $this->personSex = $personSex; 
          $this->personAge = $personAge; 
     } 
     function printPerson() 
     { 
          print( $this->name. " is " .$this->personSex. ",this year " .$this->personAge ); 
      } 
 } 
 //实例化Person对象 
 $personObject = new Person( "male", ""); 
 //执行打印 
 $personObject->printPerson(); //输出:heiyeluren is male,this year  
 ?>  


我们注意这么几个细节:成员属性都是public的,特别是父类的,是为了供继承类通过this来访问。我们注意关键的地方,第行:parent::__construct( "heiyeluren" ),这时候我们就使用parent来调用父类的构造函数进行对父类的初始化,因为父类的成员都是public的,于是我们就能够在继承类中直接使用this来调用。
总结:
this是指向对象实例的一个指针,self是对类本身的一个引用,parent是对父类的引用。
基本上我所了解就这么多,肯定有理解错误之处,请高手指出!
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