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十天学会php(1)

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:44 PM
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以前写了十天学会ASP,十天学会ASP.NET什么的,现在想想再写个PHP吧,也算比较全了。 PHP的调试方法我这里就不说了,外面很多文章都有介绍,也有很多不同的组合。我这里暂时是以 Apache web server 和 MY SQL 作为WEB服务器和数据库,在php-4.3.3下的环境做的程序。当然要简单的构建和访问查看数据库 PHPMYADMIN 不可少。

至于表单设计什么的,我这里也不想多说了,在《十天学会ASP》中已经有介绍。

下面简单介绍一下PHP的语法。

1、嵌入方法:
类似ASP的,当然您也可以自己指定。

2、引用文件:
引用文件的方法有两种:require 及 include。
require 的使用方法如 require("MyRequireFile.php"); 。这个函数通常放在 PHP 程序的最前面,PHP 程序在执行前,就会先读入 require 所指定引入的文件,使它变成 PHP 程序网页的一部份。常用的函数,亦可以这个方法将它引入网页中。
include 使用方法如 include("MyIncludeFile.php"); 。这个函数一般是放在流程控制的处理部分中。PHP 程序网页在读到 include 的文件时,才将它读进来。这种方式,可以把程序执行时的流程简单化。

3、注释方法:
echo "这是第一种例子。\n" ; // 本例是 C++ 语法的注释
/* 本例采用多行的
注释方式 */
echo "这是第二种例子。\n" ;
echo "这是第三种例子。\n" ; # 本例使用 UNIX Shell 语法注释
?>

4、变量类型:
$mystring = "我是字符串" ;
$NewLine = "换行了\n" ;
$int1 = 38 ;
$float1 = 1.732 ;
$float2 = 1.4E+2 ;
$MyArray1 = array( "子" , "丑" , "寅" , "卯" );

这里引出两个问题,首先PHP变量以$开头,第二PHP语句以;结尾,可能ASP程序员会不适应。这两个遗漏也是程序上大多错误所在。

5、运算符号:

数学运算: 符号 意义 + 加法运算 - 减法运算 * 乘法运算 / 除法运算 % 取余数 ++ 累加 -- 递减
字符串运算:
运算符号只有一个,就是英文的句号。它可以将字符串连接起来,变成合并的新字符串。类似ASP中的&

$a = "PHP 4" ;
$b = "功能强大" ;
echo $a.$b;
?>
这里也引出两个问题,首先PHP中输出语句是echo,第二类似ASP中的,PHP中也可以=变量?>。

逻辑运算:
符号 意义 大于 = 大于或等于 == 等于 != 不等于 && 而且 (And) and 而且 (And)
或者 (Or) or 或者 (Or) xor 异或 (Xor) ! 不 (Not) 今天就说到这里,明天说一下流程控制。
第二天 学习目的:掌握php的流程控制

1、if..else 循环有三种结构 第一种是只有用到 if 条件,当作单纯的判断。解释成 "若发生了某事则怎样处理"。语法如下: if (expr) { statement } 其中的 expr 为判断的条件,通常都是用逻辑运算符号当判断的条件。而 statement 为符合条件的执行部分程序,若程序只有一行,可以省略大括号 {}。 范例:本例省略大括号。 if ($state==1)echo "哈哈" ;
?>

这里特别注意的是,判断是否相等是==而不是=,ASP程序员可能常犯这个错误,= 是赋值。 范例:本例的执行部分有三行,不可省略大括号。 if ($state==1) {
echo "哈哈 ;
echo "
" ;
}
?> 第两种是除了 if 之外,加上了 else 的条件,可解释成 "若发生了某事则怎样处理,否则该如何解决"。语法如下 if (expr) { statement1 } else { statement2 } 范例:上面的例子来修改成更完整的处理。其中的 else 由于只有一行执行的指令,因此不用加上大括号。 if ($state==1) {
echo "哈哈" ;
echo "
";
}
else{
echo "呵呵";
echo "
";
}
?> 第三种就是递归的 if..else 循环,通常用在多种决策判断时。它将数个 if..else 拿来合并运用处理。 直接看下面的例子 if ( $a > $b ) {
echo "a 比 b 大" ;
} elseif ( $a == $b ) {
echo "a 等于 b" ;
} else {
echo "a 比 b 小" ;
}
?> 上例只用二层的 if..else 循环,用来比较 a 和 b 两个变量。实际要使用这种递归 if..else 循环时,请小心使用,因为太多层的循环容易使设计的逻辑出问题,或者少打了大括号等,都会造成程序出现莫名其妙的问题。

2、 for 循环就单纯只有一种,没有变化,它的语法如下 for (expr1; expr2; expr3) { statement } 其中的 expr1 为条件的初始值。expr2 为判断的条件,通常都是用逻辑运算符号 (logical operators) 当判断的条件。expr3 为执行 statement 后要执行的部份,用来改变条件,供下次的循环判断,如加一..等等。而 statement 为符合条件的执行部分程序,若程序只有一行,可以省略大括号 {}。 下例是用 for 循环写的的例子。 for ( $i = 1 ; $i echo "这是第".$i."次循环
" ;
}
?>

3、 switch 循环,通常处理复合式的条件判断,每个子条件,都是 case 指令部分。在实作上若使用许多类似的 if 指令,可以将它综合成 switch 循环。 语法如下 switch (expr) { case expr1: statement1; break; case expr2: statement2; break; default: statementN; break; } 其中的 expr 条件,通常为变量名称。而 case 后的 exprN,通常表示变量值。冒号后则为符合该条件要执行的部分。注意要用 break 跳离循环。 switch ( date ( "D" )) {
case "Mon" :
echo "今天星期一" ;
break;
case "Tue" :
echo "今天星期二" ;
break;
case "Wed" :
echo "今天星期三" ;
break;
case "Thu" :
echo "今天星期四" ;
break;
case "Fri" :
echo "今天星期五" ;
break;
default:
echo "今天放假" ;
break;
}
?>

这里需要注意的是break;别遗漏了,default,省略是可以的。
很明显的,上述的例子用 if 循环就很麻烦了。当然在设计时,要将出现机率最大的条件放在最前面,最少出现的条件放在最后面,可以增加程序的执行效率。上例由于每天出现的机率相同,所以不用注意条件的顺序。 今天就说到这里,明天开始说数据库的使用。

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