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提问的智慧(2)

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:46 PM
What Ask a question time wisdom of black hole


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明白你想问什么   


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漫无边际的提问近乎无休无止的时间黑洞。最能给你有用答案的人也正是最忙的   


人(他们忙是因为要亲自完成大部分工作)。这样的人对无节制的时间黑洞不太   


感冒,因此也可以说他们对漫无边际的提问不大感冒。   



如果你明确表述需要回答者做什么(提供建议,发送一段代码,检查你的补丁   


或是别的),就最有可能得到有用的答案。这会定出一个时间和精力的上限,   


便于回答者集中精力来帮你,这很凑效。   



要理解专家们生活的世界,要把专业技能想象为充裕的资源,而回复的时间则   


是贫乏的资源。解决你的问题需要的时间越少,越能从忙碌的专家口中掏出答案。   



因此,优化问题的结构,尽量减少专家们解决它所需要的时间,会有很   


大的帮助--这通常和简化问题有所区别。因此,问“我想更好的理解X,   


能给点提示吗?”通常比问“你能解释一下X吗?”更好。如果你的代码   


不能工作,问问它有什么地方不对,比要求别人替你修改要明智得多。   



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别问应该自己解决的问题   


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黑客们总是善于分辨哪些问题应该由你自己解决;因为我们中的大多数都   


曾自己解决这类问题。同样,这些问题得由你来搞定,你会从中学到东西。   


你可以要求给点提示,但别要求得到完整的解决方案。   



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去除无意义的疑问   


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别用无意义的话结束提问,例如“有人能帮我吗?”或者“有答案吗?”。   


首先:如果你对问题的描述不很合适,这样问更是画蛇添足。其次:由于这   


样问是画蛇添足,黑客们会很厌烦你--而且通常会用逻辑上正确的回答来表   


示他们的蔑视,例如:“没错,有人能帮你”或者“不,没答案   


”。   



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谦逊绝没有害处,而且常帮大忙   


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彬彬有礼,多用“请”和“先道个谢了”。让大家都知道你对他们花费时间   


义务提供帮助心存感激。   



然而,如果你有很多问题无法解决,礼貌将会增加你得到有用答案的机会。   



(我们注意到,自从本指南发布后,从资深黑客处得到的唯一严重缺陷反   


馈,就是对预先道谢这一条。一些黑客觉得“先谢了”的言外之意是过后   


就不会再感谢任何人了。我们的建议是:都道谢。)   



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问题解决后,加个简短说明   


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问题解决后,向所有帮助过你的人发个说明,让他们知道问题是怎样解决   


的,并再一次向他们表示感谢。如果问题在新闻组或者邮件列表中引起了   


广泛关注,应该在那里贴一个补充说明。   



补充说明不必很长或是很深入;简单的一句“你好,原来是网线出了问   


题!谢谢大家--Bill”比什么也不说要强。事实上,除非结论真的很有   


技术含量,否则简短可爱的小结比长篇学术论文更好。说明问题是怎样   


解决的,但大可不必将解决问题的过程复述一遍。   



除了表示礼貌和反馈信息以外,这种补充有助于他人在邮件列表/新闻   


组/论坛中搜索对你有过帮助的完整解决方案,这可能对他们也很有用。   



最后(至少?),这种补充有助于所有提供过帮助的人从中得到满足感。   


如果你自己不是老手或者黑客,那就相信我们,这种感觉对于那些你向   


他们求助的导师或者专家而言,是非常重要的。问题久拖未决会让人灰   


心;黑客们渴望看到问题被解决。好人有好报,满足他们的渴望,你会在下   


次贴出新问题时尝到甜头。   




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还是不懂   


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如果你不是很理解答案,别立刻要求对方解释。象你以前试着自己解决   


问题时那样(利用手册,FAQ,网络,身边的高手),去理解它。如果   


你真的需要对方解释,记得表现出你已经学到了点什么。   



比方说,如果我回答你:“看来似乎是zEntry被阻塞了;你应该先清   


除它。”,然后:   



一个很糟的后续问题:“zEntry是什么?”   



聪明的问法应该是这样:“哦~~~我看过帮助了但是只有-z和-p两个   


参数中提到了zEntry而且还都没有清楚的解释:

哪一个吗?还是我看漏了什么?”   


==========   


三思而后问   


==========   



以下是几个经典蠢问题,以及黑客在拒绝回答时的心中所想:   



问题:我能在哪找到X程序?   


问题:我的程序/配置/SQL申明没有用   


问题:我的Windows有问题,你能帮我吗?   


问题:我在安装Linux(或者X)时有问题,你能帮我吗?   


问题:我怎么才能破解root帐号/窃取OP特权/读别人的邮件呢?   



提问:我能在哪找到X程序?   


回答:就在我找到它的地方啊蠢货--搜索引擎的那一头。天呐!   


还有人不会用Google吗?   



提问:我的程序(配置、SQL申明)没有用   


回答:这不算是问题吧,我对找出你的真正问题没兴趣--如果要   


我问你二十个问题才找得出来的话--我有更有意思的事要做呢。   


在看到这类问题的时候,我的反应通常不外如下三种:   


1.  你还有什么要补充的吗?   


2.  真糟糕,希望你能搞定。   


3.  这跟我有什么鸟相关?   



提问:我的Windows有问题,你能帮我吗?   


回答:能啊,扔掉萎软的垃圾,换Linux吧。   



提问:我在安装Linux(或者X)时有问题,你能帮我吗?   


回答:不能,我只有亲自在你的电脑上动手才能找到毛病。   


还是去找你当地的Linux用户组寻求手把手的指导吧(你能   


在这儿找到用户组的清单)。   



提问:我怎么才能破解root帐号/窃取OP特权/读别人的邮件呢?   


回答:想要这样做,说明你是个卑鄙小人;想找个黑客帮你,说明你是个白痴!   



==============   


好问题,坏问题   


==============   



最后,我举一些例子来说明,怎样聪明的提问;同一个问题的两种问   


法被放在一起,一种是愚蠢的,另一种才是明智的。   



蠢问题:我可以在哪儿找到关于Foonly  Flurbamatic的资料?   


这种问法无非想得到“STFW”这样的回答。   



聪明问题:我用Google搜索过“Foonly  Flurbamatic  2600”,但是   


没找到有用的结果。谁知道上哪儿去找对这种设备编程的资料?   


这个问题已经STFW过了,看起来他真的遇到了麻烦。   



蠢问题:我从FOO项目找来的源码没法编译。它怎么这么烂?   


他觉得都是别人的错,这个傲慢自大的家伙   



聪明问题:FOO项目代码在Nulix  6.2版下无法编译通过。我读过了FAQ,   


但里面没有提到跟Nulix有关的问题。这是我编译过程的记录,我有什么   


做得不对的地方吗?   


他讲明了环境,也读过了FAQ,还指明了错误,并且他没有把问题的责任   


推到别人头上,这个家伙值得留意。   



蠢问题:我的主板有问题了,谁来帮我?   


普通黑客对这类问题的回答通常是:“好的,还要帮你拍拍背和换尿布   


吗?”  ,然后按下删除键。   



聪明问题:我在S2464主板上试过了X、Y和Z,但没什么作用,我又试了   


A、B和C。请注意当我尝试C时的奇怪现象。显然边带传输中出现了收缩,   


但结果出人意料。在多处理器主板上引起边带泄漏的通常原因是什么?   


谁有好主意接下来我该做些什么测试才能找出问题?   


这个家伙,从另一个角度来看,值得去回答他。他表现出了解决问题的   


能力,而不是坐等天上掉答案。   



在最后一个问题中,注意“告诉我答案”和“给我启示,指出我还应该   


做什么诊断工作”之间微妙而又重要的区别。   



事实上,后一个问题源自于2001年8月在Linux内核邮件列表上的一个真   


实的提问。我(Eric)就是那个提出问题的人。我在Tyan  S2464主板上   


观察到了这种无法解释的锁定现象,列表成员们提供了解决那一问题的重要信息。   



通过我的提问方法,我给了大家值得玩味的东西;我让人们很容易参与并   


且被吸引进来。我显示了自己具备和他们同等的能力,邀请他们与我共同   


探讨。我告诉他们我所走过的弯路,以避免他们再浪费时间,这是一种对   


他人时间价值的尊重。   



后来,当我向每个人表示感谢,并且赞赏这套程序(指邮件列表中的讨论   


--译者注)运作得非常出色的时候,一个Linux内核邮件列表(lkml)成   


员表示,问题得到解决并非由于我是这个列表中的“名人”,而是因为   


我用了正确的方式来提问。   



我们黑客从某种角度来说是拥有丰富知识但缺乏人情味的家伙;我相信   


他是对的,如果我象个乞讨者那样提问,不论我是谁,一定会惹恼某些   


人或者被他们忽视。他建议我记下这件事,给编写这个指南的人一些指导。   



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找不到答案怎么办   


================   



如果仍得不到答案,请不要以为我们觉得无法帮助你。有时只是看到你   


问题的人不知道答案罢了。没有回应不代表你被忽视,虽然不可否认这   


种差别很难区分。   



总的说来,简单的重复张贴问题是个很糟的想法。这将被视为无意义的   


喧闹。   


喧闹。   



你可以通过其它渠道获得帮助,这些渠道通常更适合初学者的需要。   



有许多网上的以及本地的用户组,由狂热的软件爱好者(即使他们可能   


从没亲自写过任何软件)组成。通常人们组建这样的团体来互相帮助并   


帮助新手。   



另外,你可以向很多商业公司寻求帮助,不论公司大还是小(Red   


Hat和LinuxCare就是两个最常见的例子)。别为要付费才能获得帮助而   


感到沮丧!毕竟,假使你的汽车发动机汽缸密封圈爆掉了--完全可能如   


此--你还得把它送到修车铺,并且为维修付费。就算软件没花费你一分   


钱,你也不能强求技术支持总是免费的。   



对大众化的软件,就象Linux之类而言,每个开发者至少会有上万名用户。   


根本不可能由一个人来处理来自上万名用户的求助电话。要知道,即使你   


要为帮助付费,同你必须购买同类软件相比,你所付出的也是微不足道   


的(通常封闭源代码软件的技术支持费用比开放源代码软件要高得多,   


且内容也不那么丰富)。   

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