使用函数递归实现基于php和MySQL的动态树型菜单
树型菜单在很多桌面应用系统中都有非常广泛的应用,其主要优点是结构清晰,利于使用者非常清楚的知道目前自己所在的位置。但在web上树型菜单的应用因为没有理想的现成组件可以拿过来直接使用,所以一般的情况下,程序员主要是通过JavaScript来实现一些简单的树型结构菜单,但这些菜单往往都是事先定好各菜单项目,以及各菜单项目之间的层次关系,不利于扩充,一旦需要另一个菜单结构时,往往还需要重新编写,因此使用起来不是很方便。
经过对函数递归的研究,我发现这种树型菜单可以通过递归函数,使树型菜单的显示实现动态变化,并没有级数的限制。下面就是我用php,MySQL,JavaScript写的一个动态树型菜单的处理代码,如果大家有兴趣的话,就和我一起来看看我是如何实现的吧:)
首先,我们需要一个数据库,在这个数据库中,我们建立以下一张表:
CREATE TABLE menu (
id tinyint(4) NOT NULL auto_increment,
parent_id tinyint(4) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL,
name varchar(20),
url varchar(60),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
这张表中
id 为索引
parent_id 用来保存上一级菜单的id号,如果是一级菜单则为0
name 为菜单的名称,也就是要在页面上显示的菜单内容
url 如果某菜单为末级菜单,则需要指定该连接的url地址,这个字段就是用来保存此地址的,其他非末级菜单,该字段为空
好了,数据库有了,你就可以添加一些记录了,下面是我做测试的时候,使用的一些记录:
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '1', '0', '人事管理', '');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '2', '0', '通讯交流', '');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '3', '1', '档案管理', '');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '4', '1', '考勤管理', 'http://localhost/personal/attendance.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '5', '2', '通讯录', '');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '6', '2', '网络会议', '');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '7', '3', '新增档案', 'http://localhost/personal/add_achive.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '8', '3', '查询档案', 'http://localhost/personal/search_archive.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '9', '3', '删除档案', 'http://localhost/personal/delete_archive.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '10', '5', '新增通讯记录','http://localhost/communication/add_address.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '11', '5', '查询通讯记录', http://localhost/communication/search_address.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '12', '5', '删除通讯记录', http://localhost/communication/delete_address.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '13', '6', '召开会议', 'http://localhost/communication/convence_meeting.php');
INSERT INTO menu VALUES ( '14', '6', '会议查询', 'http://localhost/communication/search_meeting.php');
在添加记录的时候,一定要注意,非一级菜单的parent_id一定要指定为上级菜单的ID号,否则你的菜单是不会显示出来的:)
好了!有了数据库,下面就是通过php,JavaScript把菜单从数据库中读出来,并显示出来了:)
1、JavaScript脚本:
function ShowMenu(MenuID)
{
if(MenuID.style.display=="none")
{
MenuID.style.display="";
}
else
{
MenuID.style.display="none";
}
}
这个脚本很简单,就是用来响应点击某个菜单被点击的事件的。
2、CSS文件:
TD {
FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; letter-spacing:1px
}
A:link {
COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: none; letter-spacing:1px
}
A:visited {
COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: none; letter-spacing:1px
}
A:active {
COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: none; letter-spacing:1px
}
A:hover {
COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; letter-spacing:1px
}
.Menu {
COLOR:#000000; FONT-FAMILY: "Verdana", "宋体"; FONT-SIZE: 12px; CURSOR: hand
}
定义了一些基本的样式信息,比如字体,颜色,超级连接的样式等,如果你想改变样式的话,只要修改这里就行了!
3、下面就是我的php页面了!
//基本变量设置
$GLOBALS["ID"] =1; //用来跟踪下拉菜单的ID号
$layer=1; //用来跟踪当前菜单的级数
//连接数据库
$Con=mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
mysql_select_db("work");
//提取一级菜单
$sql="select * from menu where parent_id=0";
$result=mysql_query($sql,$Con);
//如果一级菜单存在则开始菜单的显示
if(mysql_num_rows($result)>0) ShowTreeMenu($Con,$result,$layer,$ID);
//=============================================
//显示树型菜单函数 ShowTreeMenu($con,$result,$layer)
//$con:数据库连接
//$result:需要显示的菜单记录集
//layer:需要显示的菜单的级数
//=============================================
function ShowTreeMenu($Con,$result,$layer)
{
//取得需要显示的菜单的项目数
$numrows=mysql_num_rows($result);
//开始显示菜单,每个子菜单都用一个表格来表示
echo "
![]() | "; "; } else { echo " |
![]() | "; "; } //如果该菜单项目没有子菜单,并指定了超级连接地址,则指定为超级连接, //否则只显示菜单名称 if($menu[url]!="") echo "$menu[name]"; else echo $menu[name]; echo " |
}
?>
在上面的php页面里面,我定义了一个函数ShowTreeMenu(),通过这个函数的调用,会从数据库中递归的调出每个菜单项目,并显示在页面上了:)

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