Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 转:PHP高级工程师面临的成长瓶颈

转:PHP高级工程师面临的成长瓶颈

Jun 13, 2016 pm 01:01 PM
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转:PHP工程师面临的成长瓶颈
作为开发中应用最广泛的语言之一,PHP有着大量的粉丝,那么你是一名优秀的程序员吗?在进行自我修炼的同时,你是否想过面对各种各样的问题,我该如何突破自身的瓶颈,以便更好的发展呢?
  PHP工程师面临成长瓶颈
  先明确这里所指的PHP工程师,是指主要以PHP进行Web系统的开发,没有使用其的语言工作过。工作经验大概在3~4年,普通的Web系统(百万级访问,千成级数据以内或业务逻辑不是特别复杂)开发起基本得心应手,没有什么问题。但他们会这样的物点:
  ◆除了PHP不使用其它的语言,可能会点shell 脚本。
  ◆对PHP的掌握不精(很多PHP手册都没有看完,库除外)。
  ◆知识面比较窄(面对需求,除开使用PHP和mysql ,不知道其它的解决办法)。
  ◆PHP代码以过程为主,认为面向对象的实现太绕,看不懂。
  这些PHPer在遇到需要高性能,处理高并发,大量数据的项目或业务逻辑比较复杂(系统需要解决多领域业务的问题)时,缺少思路。不能分析问题的本质,技术判断力比较差,对于问题较快能找出临时的解决办法,但常常在不断临时性的解决办法中,系统和自己一步步走向崩溃。那怎么提高自己呢?怎么可以挑战难度更高的系统?
  更高的挑战在那里?
  结合我自己的经验,我列出一些具体挑战,让大家先有个感性的认识。
  高性能系统的挑战在那里?
  ◆如何选择Web服务器?要不要使用fast-cgi 模式;
  ◆要不要使用反向代理服务?选择全内存缓存还是硬盘缓存?
  ◆是否需要负载均衡?是基于应用层,还是网络层? 如何保证高可靠性?
  ◆你的PHP代码性能如何,使用优化工具后怎么样? 性能瓶颈在那里? 是否需要写成C的扩展?
  ◆用户访问有什么特点,是读多还是写多?是否需要读写分离?
  ◆数据如何存储?写入速度和读出速度如何? 数据增涨访问速读如何变化?
  ◆如何使用缓存? 怎么样考虑失效?数据的一致性怎么保证?
  高复杂性系统的挑战在那里?
  ◆能否识别业务所对应的领域?是一个还是多个?
  ◆能否合理对业务进行抽象,在业务规则变化能以很小的代价实现?
  ◆数据的一致性、安全性可否保证?
  ◆是否撑握了面向对象的分析和设计的方法
  这里所列出的问题,你都能肯定的回答,说明在技术上你基本已经可能成为架构师了。如何你还不能回答,你需要在以下几个方向加强。
  怎么样提高,突破瓶颈
  如何你还不能回答,你需要在以下几个方向加强:
  ◆分析你所使用的技术其原理和背后运行的机制,这样可以提高你的技术判断力,提高你技术方案选择的正确性;
  ◆学习大学期间重要的知识, 操作系统原理,数据结构和算法。知道你以前学习都是为了考试,但现在你需要为自己学习,让自己知其所以然;
  ◆重新开始学习C语言,虽然你在大学已经学过。这不仅是因为你可能需要写PHP扩展,而且还因为,在做C的应用中,有一个时刻关心性能、内存控制、变量生命周期、数据结构和算法的环境;
  ◆学习面向对象的分析与设计,它是解决复杂问题的有效的方法。学习抽象,它是解决复杂问题的唯一之道。

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