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php 引述传递、引用返回和取消引用以及unset

Jun 13, 2016 pm 01:11 PM
amp echo unset

php 引用传递、引用返回和取消引用以及unset

原文出处:http://hi.baidu.com/kashifs/blog/item/928379f254888cbea50f524a.html

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在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。

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引用传递

function foo ( &$var )
{$var++;}
foo ($a);  // 注意在函数调用时没有引用符号 - 只有函数定义中有。光是函数定义就足够使参数通过引用来正确传递了
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引用返回

function &init_users()
{ ... return $cls;}
//使用引用返回,必须在两个地方都用&符号
$user = & init_users();
function &init_users()
{ ...return $cls;}
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取消引用
当 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。

$a="hihaha";
$b= &$a;
unset($b);
echo$a;// shows "hihaha"
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这里有个php引用的例子,好好看一遍:

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PHP unset全局变量在用户函数中只能销毁局部变量,并不能销毁全局变量。(从PHP4开始unset已经不再是一个函数了,而是一个语句)。如果需要销毁全局变量的应该如何做呢?也很简单,用$GLOBALS数组来实现。

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对于unset:

1. 该函数只有在变量值所占空间超过256字节长的时候才会释放内存
2. 只有当指向该值的所有变量(比如有引用变量指向该值)都被销毁后,地址才会被释放(也要执行1的判断)

也就是检查有无其他变量绑定,有的话就不会释放了。就像这个例子:

$a="hihaha";
$b= &$a;
unset($b);
echo$a;// shows "hihaha"
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所以建议大家用 $变量=null 的方法来释放其内存。

?给一个测试当前php脚本内存使用情况的函数:

<?php echo memory_get_usage()."\n";
$a = str_repeat("A", 1000);
echo memory_get_usage()."\n";
$b=&$a;  //下面的内存大小不会变,unset只是解除$a的绑定
unset($a);
echo memory_get_usage()."\n";
?>
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自己理解的仍然不行,看这里:http://www.laruence.com/2011/03/04/1894.html

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