Before I give you a detailed explanation, I will share with you a simple jquery code to achieve the magnifying glass effect. Friends who need it can get the code directly.
$(function(){
var mouseX = 0; //鼠标移动的位置X
var mouseY = 0; //鼠标移动的位置Y
var maxLeft = 0; //最右边
var maxTop = 0; //最下边
var markLeft = 0; //放大镜移动的左部距离
var markTop = 0; //放大镜移动的顶部距离
var perX = 0; //移动的X百分比
var perY = 0; //移动的Y百分比
var bigLeft = 0; //大图要移动left的距离
var bigTop = 0; //大图要移动top的距离
//改变放大镜的位置
function updataMark($mark){
//通过判断，让小框只能在小图区域中移动
if(markLeft<0){
markLeft = 0;
}else if(markLeft>maxLeft){
markLeft = maxLeft;
}
if(markTop<0){
markTop = 0;
}else if(markTop>maxTop){
markTop = maxTop;
}
//获取放大镜的移动比例，即这个小框在区域中移动的比例
perX = markLeft/$(".small").outerWidth();
perY = markTop/$(".small").outerHeight();
bigLeft = -perX*$(".big").outerWidth();
bigTop = -perY*$(".big").outerHeight();
//设定小框的位置
$mark.css({"left":markLeft,"top":markTop,"display":"block"});
}
//改变大图的位置
function updataBig(){
$(".big").css({"display":"block","left":bigLeft,"top":bigTop});
}
//鼠标移出时
function cancle(){
$(".big").css({"display":"none"});
$(".mark").css({"display":"none"});
}
//鼠标小图上移动时
function imgMouseMove(event){
var $this = $(this);
var $mark = $(this).children(".mark");
//鼠标在小图的位置
mouseX = event.pageX-$this.offset().left - $mark.outerWidth()/2;
mouseY = event.pageY-$this.offset().top - $mark.outerHeight()/2;
//最大值
maxLeft =$this.width()- $mark.outerWidth();
maxTop =$this.height()- $mark.outerHeight();
markLeft = mouseX;
markTop = mouseY;
updataMark($mark);
updataBig();
}
$(".small").bind("mousemove",imgMouseMove).bind("mouseleave",cancle);
}) There are two main points to note in this
1. How can the big picture follow the position of the "magnifying glass" and move the big picture at the same time?
In fact, a proportional relationship is used. When the "magnifying glass" moves by a certain proportion (it is a proportion, not a specific value), the large image also uses this proportion to multiply the width and height of the large image, and the large image can be calculated. How far did it move;
2. What is the relationship between the display area and the magnifying glass?
The "magnifying glass" here should be in proportion to the display area of the large image, and should have the same proportional relationship between the large image and the small image. For example, the ratio of the large picture to the small picture is 1:2, and the size of the "magnifying glass" area should also be 1:2 with the size of the area where the large picture is displayed. Otherwise, the small picture area covered by the "magnifying glass" will be different from the large picture. The display area and displayed image information cannot be consistent. (The example mentioned in the wonderful flavor class is not consistent);
Okay, the above code is relatively simple. Let me introduce jquery to achieve the magnifying glass effect through text description and code.
1.1.1 Summary
I believe everyone has seen or used the magnifying glass effect, or even achieved it. It is generally used to enlarge product pictures. Some e-commerce websites (such as: Fanke, Jingdong Mall, Alibaba, etc.) have similar effects. Picture viewing effect.
In the next blog post, we will introduce you to the magnifying glass effect through jQuery.
Table of Contents
•Principle of implementation
•mousemove event
•Relative coordinates
•background-position attribute
•mousewheel event
1.1.2 Text
Principle of implementation
First, let’s explain how to achieve the magnifying glass effect:
Method 1: Prepare a large image with high pixels. When the mouse is placed on the original image, load and display the corresponding position of the large image.
Method 2: Enlarge the original image, that is, adjust the length and width of the original image.
Above we introduced two methods to achieve the magnifying glass effect. Next, we apply the above two methods to our jQuery plug-in.
First of all, we need an img element to display the original image object, and a container as a display box; the large image object is stored in the display box. When the mouse moves over the original image, the corresponding part is displayed by absolute positioning of the large image, achieving a magnifying glass-like effect.
Next, let us define the Index.html page, the specific implementation is as follows:
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <title>jQuery Image Zoom Demo</title> <meta name="author" content="Jackson Huang"> </head> <body> <div class="magnify"> <div class="large"></div> <img class="small" src="./img/1.jpg" width="700" /> </div> </body> </html>
Above, we defined the small object to display the original image, and the large object as a display box to display the corresponding position of the large image.
mousemove event
Next, we use the jQuery plug-in to achieve the magnifying glass effect. When the mouse moves over the small object, the corresponding position of the large image will be displayed in the large object. This involves the mousemove event, so we need Implement the listening method for the mousemove event (for how to define the jQuery plug-in, please refer to "Customizing the jQuery Plug-in Step by Step").
Now, let’s implement the jquery.imagezoom.js plugin!
;
(function ($) {
$.fn.imageZoom = function (options) {
// The native width and height of the image.
var native_width = 0,
native_height = 0,
current_width = 0,
current_height = 0,
$small = $(".small"),
$large = $(".large");
$(".magnify").mousemove(function (e) {
/* Act on the event */
if (!native_width && !native_height) {
var image_object = new Image();
image_object.src = $small.attr('src');
// Gets the image native height and width.
native_height = image_object.height;
native_width = image_object.width;
// Gets the image current height and width.
current_height = $small.height();
current_width = $small.width();
} else {
// Gets .maginfy offset coordinates.
var magnify_offset = $(this).offset(),
// Gets coordinates within .maginfy.
mx = e.pageX - magnify_offset.left,
my = e.pageY - magnify_offset.top;
// Checks the mouse within .maginfy or not.
if (mx < $(this).width() && my < $(this).height() && mx > 0 && my > 0) {
$large.fadeIn(100);
} else {
$large.fadeOut(100);
} if ($large.is(":visible")) {
/* Gets the large image coordinate by ratio
small.x / small.width = large.x / large.width
small.y / small.height = large.y / large.height
then we need to keep pointer in the centre,
so deduct the half of .large width and height.
*/
var rx = Math.round(mx / $small.width() * native_width - $large.width() / 2) * -1,
ry = Math.round(my / $small.height() * native_height - $large.height() / 2) * -1,
bgp = rx + "px " + ry + "px",
px = mx - $large.width() / 2,
py = my - $large.height() / 2;
$large.css({
left: px,
top: py,
backgroundPosition: bgp
});
}
}
});
}); 上面，我实现了mousemove事件的监听方法，当鼠标移动到magnify对象中，我们需要获取当前鼠标的相对坐标位置，下面我们通过图片讲解如何获取鼠标的相对坐标位置。
相对坐标
图1鼠标相对坐标位置
当鼠标移动到magnify对象中，我们需要获取鼠标在magnify中的相对坐标位置，这里我们把相对坐标定义为(mx,my)，通过上图我们知道相对坐标等于(pageX - offsetLeft, pageY - offsetTop)。
现在，我们已经获取鼠标在magnify对象中的坐标值，接下来，需要获取对应大图的相应坐标，这里我们把大图的对应坐标定义为(rx,ry)，我们可以通过比例关系获取(rx,ry)的值。
mx / small.width （原图的宽）= rx / native_width（大图的宽）
my / small.height （原图的长）= ry / native_height（大图的长）
通过上面的比例关系，我们知道大图的坐标(rx,ry)等于(mx/small.width*native_width, my/small.height*native_height)。
通过上述的公式，我们可以获取大图对应坐标位置，当鼠标移动到magnify对象中就显示对应位置的大图部位，接下来我们需要实现大图的加载实现了。
background-position属性
在实现大图加载显示之前，首先介绍CSS中背景定位background-position的知识。
图2 CSS background-position
上面，有一个100x100像素的图片它由四种颜色组成，而且每种颜色占50 x50像素，接下来，我们将通过修改该图片CSS的background-position属性值来显示该图片的不同位置。
我们看到在大正方形下有两行小正方形，它们显示的颜色位置都不相同，这里我们通过修改每个div元素CSS的background-position属性值实现的。
例如：第一行的蓝色方形，我们设置CSS的background-position属性为：0px -50px;这相当于原图往上移动50px，第一行的其他方形也通过左右和上下移动实现的。
但第二行的方形就显得更加奇怪了，因为它们都由四种颜色组成，而且颜色的位置都不一样，这究竟是怎样实现的呢？
例如：第二行的第一个方形，我们设置CSS的background-position属性为：25px 25px;这相当于原图向下和向右移动了25px，由于image wrap的作用它会填充剩余位置的颜色。
现在，我们已经了解到了CSS的background-position属性的作用，所以我们通过修改large对象的background-position属性来显示对应的图像部分，具体实现如下：
$large.css({
left: px,
top: py,
backgroundPosition: bgp
}); 上面，我们通过加载大图的方式来实现放大镜效果，接下来，我们将介绍通过调整原图的长和宽来实现放大镜效果。
mousewheel事件
前面，我们通过mousemove事件来放大图片，这里我们将通过鼠标的滚轮事件实现图片放大效果。
由于，不同的浏览器有不同的滚轮事件。主要是有三种：onmousewheel（IE 6/7/8）、mousewheel（IE9，Chrome，Safari和Opera）和DOMMouseScroll（只有Firefox支持），关于这三个事件这里不做详细的介绍了。
由于不同浏览器之间存在着差异，为了实现浏览器之间的兼容，所以，我们需要监听以上三种滚轮事件（onmousewheel，mousewheel和DOMMouseScroll），具体实现如下：
$(".magnify").bind('DOMMouseScroll mousewheel onmousewheel', function(e) {
}); 上面，我们实现了兼容不同浏览器的滚轮事件监听方法，接下来，判断滚轮向上或向下也要考虑不同浏览器的兼容性，主流的览器（IE、Opera、Safari、Firefox、Chrome）中Firefox 使用detail，其余四类使用wheelDelta；两者只在取值上不一致，代表含义一致，detail与wheelDelta只各取两个值，detail只取±3，wheelDelta只取±120，其中正数表示为向上，负数表示向下。
由于detail和wheelDelta都有两个值表示向上或向下滚动，所以不同浏览器间可以通过以下方式实现兼容，具体实现如下：
$(".magnify").bind('DOMMouseScroll mousewheel onmousewheel', function(e) {
// cross-browser wheel delta
var e = window.event || e; // old IE support.
var delta = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, (e.wheelDelta || -e.detail)));
});上面，我们已经处理了不同浏览器滚轮监听方法，当用户滚动滚轮时需要动态地修改原图的尺寸，这里我们定义缩放比scaling为0.3，也就是说每当用户滚动一下滚轮原图就按0.3的比例进行缩放，具体实现如下：
// Gets the image scaling height and width.
native_height += (native_height * scaling * delta);
native_width += (native_width * scaling * delta);
// Update backgroud image size.
$large.css('background-size', native_width + "px " + native_height + "px");
现在，我们已经实现了通过滚轮对图片进行缩放查看的效果，完整的实现如下：
/***********************************
* Author: Jackson Huang
* Blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/rush
* Date: 8/23/2013
* Reference:
* http://www.sitepoint.com/html5-javascript-mouse-wheel/
* http://thecodeplayer.com/walkthrough/magnifying-glass-for-images-using-jquery-and-css3
***********************************/
;
(function($) {
$.fn.imageZoom = function(options) {
// The native width and height of the image.
var defaults = {
scaling: 0.3
};
// Combines object defaults and options.
options = $.extend(defaults, options),
native_width = 0,
native_height = 0,
current_width = 0,
current_height = 0,
$small = $(".small"),
$large = $(".large");
$(".magnify").mousemove(function(e) {
/* Act on the event */
if (!native_width && !native_height) {
var image_object = new Image();
image_object.src = $small.attr('src');
// Gets the image native height and width.
native_height = image_object.height;
native_width = image_object.width;
// Gets the image current height and width.
current_height = $small.height();
current_width = $small.width();
} else {
// Gets .maginfy offset coordinates.
var magnify_offset = $(this).offset(),
// Gets coordinates within .maginfy.
mx = e.pageX - magnify_offset.left,
my = e.pageY - magnify_offset.top;
// Checks the mouse within .maginfy or not.
if (mx < $(this).width() && my < $(this).height() && mx > 0 && my > 0) {
$large.fadeIn(100);
} else {
$large.fadeOut(100);
}
if ($large.is(":visible")) {
/* Gets the large image coordinate by ratio
small.x / small.width = large.x / large.width
small.y / small.height = large.y / large.height
then we need to keep pointer in the centre,
so deduct the half of .large width and height.
*/
var rx = Math.round(mx / $small.width() * native_width - $large.width() / 2) * -1,
ry = Math.round(my / $small.height() * native_height - $large.height() / 2) * -1,
bgp = rx + "px " + ry + "px",
px = mx - $large.width() / 2,
py = my - $large.height() / 2;
$large.css({
left: px,
top: py,
backgroundPosition: bgp
});
}
}
});
$(".magnify").bind('DOMMouseScroll mousewheel onmousewheel', function(e) {
var image_object = new Image();
image_object.src = $large.attr('src');
// cross-browser wheel delta
e = window.event || e; // old IE support.
var delta = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, (e.wheelDelta || -e.detail)));
// Gets the image scaling height and width.
native_height += (native_height * defaults.scaling * delta);
native_width += (native_width * defaults.scaling * delta);
// The image can't smaller than the original.
if (native_height < current_height) {
native_height = current_height;
}
if (native_width < current_width) {
native_width = current_width;
}
// console.log("native_height: " + native_height + " native_width: " + native_width);
// Gets .maginfy offset coordinates.
var magnify_offset = $(this).offset(),
mx = e.pageX - magnify_offset.left,
my = e.pageY - magnify_offset.top;
// Update backgroud image size.
$large.css('background-size', native_width + "px " + native_height + "px");
/* Gets the large image coordinate by ratio
small.x / small.width = large.x / large.width
small.y / small.height = large.y / large.height
then we need to keep pointer in the centre,
so deduct the half of .large width and height.
*/
var rx = Math.round(mx / $small.width() * native_width - $large.width() / 2) * -1,
ry = Math.round(my / $small.height() * native_height - $large.height() / 2) * -1,
bgp = rx + "px " + ry + "px",
px = mx - $large.width() / 2,
py = my - $large.height() / 2;
$large.css({
left: px,
top: py,
backgroundPosition: bgp
});
});
};
})(jQuery); 
图3 放大镜效果
上面，我们实现了放大镜效果，当我们鼠标停留在图片上方会自动放大图片的相应部位，当然我们可以通过滚轮调整放大的比例。
1.1.3 总结
在本博文中，我们介绍了如何实现放大镜效果，总的来说，我们可以通过两种方式实现放大镜效果，而且在博文中都给出了详细的介绍，通过mousemove事件实现加载大图的效果，mousewheel事件实现动态修改原图的尺寸。
这只是一个简单的程序，我们还有很大的改善空间，提供一个内容丰富和功能强大的程序是我们的目标。
以上内容给大家介绍了jQuery实现放大镜效果 ，希望对大家有所帮助。
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