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PHP中奇妙的String

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Release: 2016-06-14 00:02:01
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字符串的表示

PHP中字符串的表示可以用双引号,也可以用单引号,但是两者之间有些区别。

  • 字符串中有变量的时候,单引号仅输出变量名,而不是值:
<div>
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">php<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$color</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">red</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">Roses are</span><span style="color: #800080;">$color</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">Roses are $color</span><span style="color: #000000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">?></span>
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    输出:

<div>
<span style="color: #000000;">Roses are red<br>Roses are</span><span style="color: #800080;">$color</span>
</div>
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  • 转义字符:

    "\t"  输出时就是制表符, 而‘\t' 就是直接输出 \t 了。  

    在window下 "\r\n" 是表示换行,可是。。。

  • 此外,在PHP中要输出一个换行的时候,只能用“
    ”,可能这也是它与HTML语言高度结合的结果吧。

字符串的拼接

在java中,我们用加号运算符“+”来连接字符串。

在 PHP 中,请使用这个点运算符 (.) :

<div>
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">php<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$txt1</span><span style="color: #000000;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">Hello World</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$txt2</span><span style="color: #000000;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">1234</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$txt1</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$txt2</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">?></span>
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字符串的输出

在PHP中, 我们一般用echo来输出字符串。

<div>
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">php<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">This text<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #000000;">spans multiple<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #000000;">lines.</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">?></span>
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输出:
<div>
<span style="color: #000000;">This text spans multiple lines</span><span style="color: #000000;">.</span>
</div>
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Echo的简化语法:(可以跟jsp中插入java变量的用法做个比较)

<div>
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #000000;">html</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #000000;">body</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">php<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #800080;">$color</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">red</span><span style="color: #000000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">;<br></span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">?></span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span> <span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">7</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #000000;">p</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">Roses are </span><span style="color: #000000;">=</span><span style="color: #800080;">$color</span><span style="color: #000000;">?></span><span style="color: #000000;">p</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">8</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">body</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"><br></span><span style="color: #008080;">9</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">html</span><span style="color: #000000;">></span></span></span></span>
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当然还有其他输出方式:print 以及printf(用于控制输出格式)。但是echo的输出速度是最快的。

字符串处理函数

PHP也提供与其他语言类似的字符串处理函数,常用的有:

chr()            从指定的 ASCII 值返回字符。

explode()        把字符串打散为数组。

str_ireplace()      替换字符串中的一些字符。(对大小写不敏感)

str_word_count()   计算字符串中的单词数。

strip_tags()      剥去 HTMLXML 以及 PHP 的标签。

stripos()         返回字符串在另一字符串中第一次出现的位置(大小写不敏感)

strlen()         返回字符串的长度。

htmlspecialchars_decode()    把一些预定义的 HTML 实体转换为字符。(可参考:http://cipw.blog.163.com/blog/static/16189330720103812949625/ )

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