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深入剖析php执行原理(4):函数的调用

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-16 08:39:23
Original
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本章开始研究php中函数的调用和执行,先来看函数调用语句是如何被编译的。

我们前面的章节弄明白了函数体会被编译生成哪些zend_op指令,本章会研究函数调用语句会生成哪些zend_op指,等后面的章节再根据这些op指令,来剖析php运行时的细节。

源码依然取自php5.3.29。

函数调用

回顾之前用的php代码示例:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);
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在函数编译一章里已经分析过,函数foo最终会编译生成对应的zend_function,存放于函数表(CG(function_table))中。

现在开始看 foo($bar); 一句,这应该是最简单的函数调用语句了。其他还有一些形式更为复杂的函数调用,例如以可变变量作为函数名,例如导入的函数以别名进行调用(涉及到命名空间),再例如以引用作为参数,以表达式作为参数,以函数调用本身作为参数等等。

我们从简单的来入手,弄清楚调用语句的编译过程及产出,对于复杂的一些调用,下文也争取都能谈到一些。

1、语法推导

就 foo($bar); 而言,其主要部分语法树为:

绿色的节点表示最后对应到php代码中的字面。红色的部分是语法推导过程中最重要的几步,特别是function_call。

我们从语法分析文件zend_language_parser.y中挑出相关的:

function_call:
		namespace_name '(' { $2.u.opline_num = zend_do_begin_function_call(&$1, 1 TSRMLS_CC); }
				function_call_parameter_list
				')' { zend_do_end_function_call(&$1, &$$, &$4, 0, $2.u.opline_num TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C); }
	|	T_NAMESPACE T_NS_SEPARATOR namespace_name '(' { $1.op_type = IS_CONST; ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(&$1.u.constant);  zend_do_build_namespace_name(&$1, &$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); $4.u.opline_num = zend_do_begin_function_call(&$1, 0 TSRMLS_CC); }
				function_call_parameter_list
				')' { zend_do_end_function_call(&$1, &$$, &$6, 0, $4.u.opline_num TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C); }
	|	T_NS_SEPARATOR namespace_name '(' { $3.u.opline_num = zend_do_begin_function_call(&$2, 0 TSRMLS_CC); }
				function_call_parameter_list
				')' { zend_do_end_function_call(&$2, &$$, &$5, 0, $3.u.opline_num TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C); }
	|	class_name T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM T_STRING '(' { $4.u.opline_num = zend_do_begin_class_member_function_call(&$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list
			')' { zend_do_end_function_call($4.u.opline_num?NULL:&$3, &$$, &$6, $4.u.opline_num, $4.u.opline_num TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
	|	class_name T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM variable_without_objects '(' { zend_do_end_variable_parse(&$3, BP_VAR_R, 0 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_begin_class_member_function_call(&$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list
			')' { zend_do_end_function_call(NULL, &$$, &$6, 1, 1 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
	|	variable_class_name T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM T_STRING '(' { zend_do_begin_class_member_function_call(&$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list
			')' { zend_do_end_function_call(NULL, &$$, &$6, 1, 1 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
	|	variable_class_name T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM variable_without_objects '(' { zend_do_end_variable_parse(&$3, BP_VAR_R, 0 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_begin_class_member_function_call(&$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list
			')' { zend_do_end_function_call(NULL, &$$, &$6, 1, 1 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
	|	variable_without_objects  '(' { zend_do_end_variable_parse(&$1, BP_VAR_R, 0 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call(&$1, 0 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list ')'
			{ zend_do_end_function_call(&$1, &$$, &$4, 0, 1 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
;<br><br>function_call_parameter_list:<br>        non_empty_function_call_parameter_list    { $$ = $1; }<br>    |    /* empty */                        { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = 0; }<br>;<br><br><br>non_empty_function_call_parameter_list:<br>        expr_without_variable    { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = 1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$1, ZEND_SEND_VAL, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>    |    variable                { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = 1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$1, ZEND_SEND_VAR, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>    |    '&' w_variable          { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = 1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$2, ZEND_SEND_REF, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>    |    non_empty_function_call_parameter_list ',' expr_without_variable    { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant)=Z_LVAL($1.u.constant)+1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$3, ZEND_SEND_VAL, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>    |    non_empty_function_call_parameter_list ',' variable                 { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant)=Z_LVAL($1.u.constant)+1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$3, ZEND_SEND_VAR, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>    |    non_empty_function_call_parameter_list ',' '&' w_variable           { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant)=Z_LVAL($1.u.constant)+1;  zend_do_pass_param(&$4, ZEND_SEND_REF, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }<br>;
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其结构并不复杂:

1)function_call这条推导,代表了一个完整的函数调用。

2)namespace_name是指经过命名空间修饰过之后的函数名,由于我们的例子中,函数foo并没有处于任何一个命名空间里,所以namespace_name其实就是foo。如果我们的函数定义在命名空间中,则namespace_name是一个类似“全路径”的fullname。

<span style="color: #000000;">namespace MyProject
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}
}

namespace
{
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;</span>
MyProject\foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span><span style="color: #000000;">);<span style="color: #008000;">//<span style="color: #008000;"> 以类似“全路径”的fullname来调用函数,则namespace_name为MyProject\foo</span></span> 
}</span>
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3)function_call_parameter_list是函数的参数列表,而non_empty_function_call_parameter_list则代表了非空参数列表。

4)从这些推导产生式里,我们还能看出编译时的所运用的一些关键处理:

zend_do_begin_function_call-->zend_do_pass_param-->zend_do_end_function_call<br><br>        开始                        解析参数                     结束
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和编译function语句块时的几步(zend_do_begin_function_declaration->zend_do_receive_arg->zend_do_end_function_declaration等)顺序上比较类似。

上面提到语法树我们仅仅画了一部分,准确讲,没有将namespace以及function_call_parameter_list以下的推导过程进一步画出来。原因一是namespace的推导比较简单。第二,由于function_call_parameter_list-->variable这步会回到variable上,而variable经过若干步一直到产生变量$bar的推导比较复杂,也不是本文的重点,所以这里就不一进步探究了。

2、开始编译

看下function_call的推导式,一开始,zend vm会执行zend_do_begin_function_call做一些函数调用的准备。

2.1、 zend_do_begin_function_call

代码注解如下:

zend_function *<span style="color: #000000;">function;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *<span style="color: #000000;">lcname;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *is_compound = memchr(Z_STRVAL(function_name->u.constant), <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">\\</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, Z_STRLEN(function_name-><span style="color: #000000;">u.constant));

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 将函数名进行修正,例如带上命名空间作为前缀等</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">zend_resolve_non_class_name(function_name, check_namespace TSRMLS_CC);

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 能进入该分支,说明在一个命名空间下以shortname调用函数,会生成一条DO_FCALL_BY_NAME指令</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (check_namespace && CG(current_namespace) && !<span style="color: #000000;">is_compound) {
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> We assume we call function from the current namespace
        if it is not prefixed. </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>

        <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> In run-time PHP will check for function with full name and
        internal function with short name </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
        zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call(function_name, </span><span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TSRMLS_CC);
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
} 

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 转成小写,因为CG(function_table)中的函数名都是小写</span>
lcname = zend_str_tolower_dup(function_name->u.constant.value.str.val, function_name-><span style="color: #000000;">u.constant.value.str.len);

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果function_table中找不到该函数,则也尝试生成DO_FCALL_BY_NAME指令</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> ((zend_hash_find(CG(function_table), lcname, function_name->u.constant.value.str.len+<span style="color: #800080;">1</span>, (<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> **) &function) == FAILURE) ||<span style="color: #000000;">
    ((CG(compiler_options) </span>& ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS) && (function->type ==<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION))) {
        zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call(function_name, </span><span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TSRMLS_CC);
        efree(lcname);
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Dynamic </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
} 
efree(function_name</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">u.constant.value.str.val);
function_name</span>->u.constant.value.str.val =<span style="color: #000000;"> lcname;

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 压入CG(function_call_stack)</span>
zend_stack_push(&CG(function_call_stack), (<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> *) &function, <span style="color: #0000ff;">sizeof</span>(zend_function *<span style="color: #000000;">));
zend_do_extended_fcall_begin(TSRMLS_C);
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>;
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有几点需要理解的:

1,zend_resolve_non_class_name。由于php支持命名空间、也支持别名/导入等特性,因此首先要做的是将函数名称进行修正,否则在CG(function_table)中找不到。例如,函数处于一个命名空间中,则可能需要将函数名添加上命名空间作为前缀,最终形成完整的函数名,也就是我们前文提到的以一种类似“全路径”的fullname作为函数名。再例如,函数名只是一个设置的别名,它实际指向了另一个命名空间中的某个函数,则需要将其改写成真正被调用函数的名称。这些工作,均由zend_resolve_non_class_name完成。命名空间添加了不少复杂度,下面是一些简单的例子:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
namespace MyProject;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;<br>
foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);                 <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> zend_resolve_non_class_name会将foo处理成MyProject\foo</span><span style="color: #000000;">
namespace\foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);       <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 在进入zend_do_begin_function_call之前,<span style="color: #008000;">函数名已经</span>被扩展成<span style="color: #008000;"><span style="color: #008000;">\<span style="color: #008000;">MyProject\foo</span></span></span>,再经过zend_resolve_non_class_name,<span style="color: #008000;">将\<span style="color: #008000;">MyProject\foo</span></span>处理成MyProject\foo</span><span style="color: #000000;">
\MyProject\foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);      <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> zend_resolve_non_class_name会将<span style="color: #008000;"><span style="color: #008000;">\<span style="color: #008000;">MyProject\foo</span></span></span>处理成MyProject\foo</span>
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总之,zend_resolve_non_class_name是力图生成一个最精确、最完整的函数名。

2,CG(current_namespace)存储了当前的命名空间。check_namespace和!is_compound一起说明被调用函数在当前命名空间下的,并且以shortname名称被调用。所谓shortname,是和上述的fullname相对,shorname的函数名,不存在"\"。

就像上面的例子中,我们在MyProject命名空间下,以foo为函数名来调用。这种情况下,check_namespace=1,is_compound = NULL,CG(current_namespace) = MyProject。因此,会走到zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call里进一步处理。zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call我们下面再具体描述。

<span style="color: #000000;">php
namespace MyProject\sub;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

namespace MyProject;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
sub\foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);      <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 以sub\foo调用函数,并不算shortname,因为存在\</span>
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注意上述例子,我们以sub\foo来调用函数。zend_resolve_non_class_name会将函数名处理成MyProject\sub\foo。不过is_compound是在zend_resolve_non_class_name之前算的,由于sub\foo存在"\",所以is_compound为"\foo",!is_compound是false,因而不能进入zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call。

3,同样,如果CG(function_table)中找不到函数,也会进入zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call进一步处理。为什么在函数表中找不到函数,因为php允许我们先调用,再去定义函数。例如:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 先调用</span>
foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span><span style="color: #000000;">);

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 后定义</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}</span>
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4,在zend_do_begin_function_call的最后,我们将函数压入CG(function_call_stack)。这是一个栈,因为在后续对传参的编译,我们仍然需要用到函数,所以这里将其压亚入栈中,方便后面获取使用。之所以用栈,是因为调用函数传递的参数,可能是另一次函数调用。为了确保参数总是能找到对应的函数,所以用栈。

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
foo(</span><span style="color: #008080;">strlen</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>));   <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 首先foo入栈,然后分析参数strlen($bar),发现依然是个函数,于是strlen入栈,再分析参数$bar,此时弹出对应的函数正好为strlen。</span>
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2.2、 zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call

前面提到,正常的调用,会先执行zend_do_begin_function_call,在zend_do_begin_function_call中有两种情况会进一步调用zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call来处理。

一是,在命名空间中,以shortname调用函数;

二是,在调用函数时,尚未定义函数。

其实还有第三种情况会走到zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call,就是当我们调用函数的时候,函数名并非直接写成字面,而是通过变量等形式来间接确定。这种情况下,zend vm会直接执行zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call。

举例1:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$func</span> = 'foo'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$func</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);          <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 我们以变量$func作为函数名,试图调用函数foo,$func类型是IS_CV</span>
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此时, $func($bar) 对应function_call语法推导式的最后一条:

function_call:<br>        ...
	|	variable_without_objects  '(' { zend_do_end_variable_parse(&$1, BP_VAR_R, 0 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call(&$1, 0 TSRMLS_CC); }
			function_call_parameter_list ')'
			{ zend_do_end_function_call(&$1, &$$, &$4, 0, 1 TSRMLS_CC); zend_do_extended_fcall_end(TSRMLS_C);}
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推导式中的variable_without_objects对应的就是变量 $func 。$func其实是一个compiled_variable,并且在op_array->vars数组中索引为1,索引为0的是在它之前定义的变量 $bar

举例2:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$func</span> = 'foo'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$ref_func</span> = 'func'<span style="color: #000000;">;
$</span><span style="color: #800080;">$ref_func</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 以可变变量的形式来调用函数,$$ref_func类型是IS_VAR</span>
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该例是以可变变量来调用函数,和例1一样, $$ref_func($bar)也是对应function_call语法推导式的最后一条,所以不会走进zend_do_begin_function_call,而是直接进入zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call。不同的点在于 $$ref_func 节点类型不再是compiled_variable,而是普通的variable,标识为IS_VAR。

下面的图画出了5种case,第1种不经过zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call,而后4种会调用zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call处理,注意最后2种不经过zend_do_begin_function_call:

具体看下zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call的代码:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call(znode *function_name, <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> ns_call TSRMLS_DC) <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> {{{ </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
{
    unsigned </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *ptr =<span style="color: #000000;"> NULL;
    zend_op </span>*opline, *<span style="color: #000000;">opline2;

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 拿一条zend_op</span>
    opline =<span style="color: #000000;"> get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 参数ns_call表名是否以shortname在命名空间中调用函数</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (ns_call) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *<span style="color: #000000;">slash;
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> prefix_len, name_len;
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> In run-time PHP will check for function with full name and
           internal function with short name </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>
        
        <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 第一条指令是ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME</span>
        opline->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        opline</span>->op2 = *<span style="color: #000000;">function_name;
        opline</span>->extended_value = <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
        opline</span>->op1.op_type =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_CONST;
        Z_TYPE(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_STRING;
        Z_STRVAL(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) = zend_str_tolower_dup(Z_STRVAL(opline->op2.u.constant), Z_STRLEN(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op2.u.constant));
        Z_STRLEN(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) = Z_STRLEN(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op2.u.constant);
        opline</span>->extended_value = zend_hash_func(Z_STRVAL(opline->op1.u.constant), Z_STRLEN(opline->op1.u.constant) + <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
        
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 再拿一条zend_op,指令为ZEND_OP_DATA</span>
        slash = zend_memrchr(Z_STRVAL(opline->op1.u.constant), <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">\\</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, Z_STRLEN(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op1.u.constant));
        prefix_len </span>= slash-Z_STRVAL(opline->op1.u.constant)+<span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
        name_len </span>= Z_STRLEN(opline->op1.u.constant)-<span style="color: #000000;">prefix_len;
        opline2 </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
        opline2</span>->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_OP_DATA;
        opline2</span>->op1.op_type =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_CONST;
        Z_TYPE(opline2</span>->op1.u.constant) =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_LONG;
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span>(!<span style="color: #000000;">slash) {
            zend_error(E_CORE_ERROR, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Namespaced name %s should contain slash</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, Z_STRVAL(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op1.u.constant));
        }
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> this is the length of namespace prefix </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
        Z_LVAL(opline2</span>->op1.u.constant) =<span style="color: #000000;"> prefix_len;
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> this is the hash of the non-prefixed part, lowercased </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
        opline2</span>->extended_value = zend_hash_func(slash+<span style="color: #800080;">1</span>, name_len+<span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
        SET_UNUSED(opline2</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">op2);
    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 第一条指令是ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME</span>
        opline->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        opline</span>->op2 = *<span style="color: #000000;">function_name;
        
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 先调用,再定义</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (opline->op2.op_type ==<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_CONST) {
            opline</span>->op1.op_type =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_CONST;
            Z_TYPE(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_STRING;
            Z_STRVAL(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) = zend_str_tolower_dup(Z_STRVAL(opline->op2.u.constant), Z_STRLEN(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op2.u.constant));
            Z_STRLEN(opline</span>->op1.u.constant) = Z_STRLEN(opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op2.u.constant);
            opline</span>->extended_value = zend_hash_func(Z_STRVAL(opline->op1.u.constant), Z_STRLEN(opline->op1.u.constant) + <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
        }
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 以变量当函数名来调用</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
            opline</span>->extended_value = <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
            SET_UNUSED(opline</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">op1);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 将NULL压入CG(function_call_stack)</span>
    zend_stack_push(&CG(function_call_stack), (<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> *) &ptr, <span style="color: #0000ff;">sizeof</span>(zend_function *<span style="color: #000000;">));
    zend_do_extended_fcall_begin(TSRMLS_C);
}</span>
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ns_call参数取值为0或者1。如果在命名空间中,以shortname调用函数,则ns_call = 1,并且会生成2条指令。如果是先调用再定义,或者以变量作函数名,则ns_call = 0,并且只会生成1条指令。

以ns_call = 1为例:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
namespace MyProject;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);
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 生成的op指令如下所示:

以ns_call = 0,先调用再定义为例:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span><span style="color: #000000;">);

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}</span>
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生成的op指令如下所示:

以ns_call = 0,变量作为函数名为例:

<span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arg1</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> = 'hello php'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$func</span> = 'foo'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$func</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span>);
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生成的op指令如下所示:

上面一共新出现了3条op指令:ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME、ZEND_OP_DATA以及ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME。

其中,ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME和ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME都是在运行时从函数表中取出真正被调用的函数。ZEND_OP_DATA在本case中并不起作用,第5章中会具体分析ZEND_OP_DATA。

回到zend_do_begin_dynamic_function_call,在代码的最后向CG(function_call_stack)压入了一个NULL。CG(function_call_stack)在随后的zend_do_pass_param中会有作用,这里压入NULL,意味着随后zend_do_pass_param中会取出NULL,表明无法从函数定义中判断其参数的属性(是否为引用传递等)。

3、编译传参

从前面语法推导式里可以看出,调用函数时的传参,最终由zend_do_pass_param来完成。具体参数该怎么传,实际情况是很复杂的。php语法比较松散,可以传递正常的变量,也可以传递表达式,可以传递引用,甚至可以传递另一个函数调用。

但无论是哪种情况,最终传参逻辑都会编译成类似SEND_VAR,SEND_VAL,SEND_REF,ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF等指令,这些指令和函数中的RECV指令是对应的。具体来说,zend vm进入执行期之后,一般都是会通过SEND_XXX等指令发送参数,然后执行DO_FCALL/DO_FCALL_BY_NAME等指令开始调用函数。进入函数体内之后,再执行RECV完成参数的接收。第2章中我们具体讲解了RECV指令,除非函数不接受参数,否则RECV必定是函数体内的第一条指令。

如下图所示:

我们给出的示例是一种最简单的情况,也就是传递一个正常的变量。

来看下zend_do_pass_param的实现:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> zend_do_pass_param(znode *param, zend_uchar op, <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> offset TSRMLS_DC) <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> {{{ </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
{
    zend_op </span>*<span style="color: #000000;">opline;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> original_op =<span style="color: #000000;"> op;
    zend_function </span>**function_ptr_ptr, *<span style="color: #000000;">function_ptr;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> send_by_reference;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> send_function = <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">;

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 从CG(function_call_stack)获取当前函数,注意可能拿出的是NULL</span>
    zend_stack_top(&CG(function_call_stack), (<span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> **) &<span style="color: #000000;">function_ptr_ptr);
    function_ptr </span>= *<span style="color: #000000;">function_ptr_ptr;

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 调用的地方以引用传参,但是php.ini中配置不允许这样,则抛错</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (original_op == ZEND_SEND_REF && !<span style="color: #000000;">CG(allow_call_time_pass_reference)) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (function_ptr &&<span style="color: #000000;">
                function_ptr</span>->common.function_name &&<span style="color: #000000;">
                function_ptr</span>->common.type == ZEND_USER_FUNCTION &&
                !<span style="color: #000000;">ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF(function_ptr, (zend_uint) offset)) {
            zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
                        </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Call-time pass-by-reference has been deprecated; </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>
                        <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">If you would like to pass it by reference, modify the declaration of %s().  </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>
                        <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">If you would like to enable call-time pass-by-reference, you can set </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>
                        <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">allow_call_time_pass_reference to true in your INI file</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, function_ptr-><span style="color: #000000;">common.function_name);
        } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
            zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Call-time pass-by-reference has been deprecated</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
        }
    }</span>
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1,首先是从CG(function_call_stack)中获取当前参数对应的函数。注意,可能拿到的只是一个NULL。因为php的语法允许我们先函数调用,再接着对函数进行定义。如前文所述,这种情况下zend_do_begin_function_call中会向CG(function_call_stack)中压入NULL,同时会产生DO_FCALL_BY_NAME指令。

2,在传参的语法推导式中,op可能会有3种,分别是ZEND_SEND_VAL、ZEND_SEND_VAR、ZEND_SEND_REF。

expr_without_variable    { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>;  zend_do_pass_param(&$<span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">, ZEND_SEND_VAL, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }
variable                 { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) </span>= <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>;  zend_do_pass_param(&$<span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">, ZEND_SEND_VAR, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">&</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> w_variable           { Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) = <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>;  zend_do_pass_param(&$<span style="color: #800080;">2</span>, ZEND_SEND_REF, Z_LVAL($$.u.constant) TSRMLS_CC); }
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这三种op分别对应的语法是expr_without_variable、variable、'&'w_variable,简单来说就是“不含变量的表达式”、“变量”、“引用”。

zend_do_pass_param会判断,如果用户传递的是引用,但同时在php.INI中配置了形如 allow_call_time_pass_reference = Off ,则需要产生一条E_DEPRECATED错误信息,告知用户传递的时候不建议强制写成引用。

其实,还有第4种传参的opcode,即ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF。我们接下来会提到。

<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 函数已定义,则根据函数的定义,来决定send_by_reference是否传引用</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (function_ptr) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (ARG_MAY_BE_SENT_BY_REF(function_ptr, (zend_uint) offset)) {
        ...
    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 要么为0,要么为ZEND_ARG_SEND_BY_REF</span>
        send_by_reference = ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF(function_ptr, (zend_uint) offset) ? ZEND_ARG_SEND_BY_REF : <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
    }
}
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 函数为定义,先统一将send_by_reference置为0</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
    send_by_reference </span>= <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
}

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果用户传递的参数,本身就是一次函数调用,则将op改成ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (op == ZEND_SEND_VAR &&<span style="color: #000000;"> zend_is_function_or_method_call(param)) {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Method call </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
    op </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF;
    send_function </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_ARG_SEND_FUNCTION;
}
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果用户传递的参数,是一个表达式,并且结果会产生中间变量,则也将op改成ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (op == ZEND_SEND_VAL && (param->op_type & (IS_VAR|<span style="color: #000000;">IS_CV))) {
    op </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF;
}</span>
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1,send_by_reference表示根据函数的定义,参数是不是引用。ARG_MAY_BE_SENT_BY_REF和ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF两个宏这里就不具体叙述了,感兴趣的朋友可以自己阅读代码。

2,op == ZEND_SEND_VAR对应的是variable,假如参数是一个函数调用,也可能会被编译成variable,但是函数调用并不存在显式定义的变量,所以不能直接编译成SEND_VAR指令,因此这里就涉及到了上文提到的第4种opcode,即ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF。例如:

3,op == ZEND_SEND_VAL对应的是一个表达式,如果该表达式产生了一个变量作为结果,则也需要将op改成ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF。例如:

继续来看zend_do_pass_param:

<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果根据函数定义需要传递引用,且实际传递的参数是变量,则将op改成ZEND_SEND_REF</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (op!=ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF && send_by_reference==<span style="color: #000000;">ZEND_ARG_SEND_BY_REF) {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> change to passing by reference </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">switch</span> (param-><span style="color: #000000;">op_type) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span><span style="color: #000000;"> IS_VAR:
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span><span style="color: #000000;"> IS_CV:
            op </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_REF;
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">default</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
            zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Only variables can be passed by reference</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
    }
}

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果实际传递的参数是变量,调用zend_do_end_variable_parse处理链式调用</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (original_op ==<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">switch</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (op) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF:
            zend_do_end_variable_parse(param, BP_VAR_R, </span><span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TSRMLS_CC);
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR:
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (function_ptr) {
                zend_do_end_variable_parse(param, BP_VAR_R, </span><span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TSRMLS_CC);
            } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
                zend_do_end_variable_parse(param, BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG, offset TSRMLS_CC);
            }
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_REF:
            zend_do_end_variable_parse(param, BP_VAR_W, </span><span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TSRMLS_CC);
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
    }
}</span>
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这里注意param->op_type是传递的参数经过编译得到znode的op_type,如果不属于变量(IS_VARIS_CV),就直接报错了。举例来说:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> foo(&<span style="color: #800080;">$a</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$a</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}

foo(</span><span style="color: #800080;">$bar</span> == 1);  // 抛错 <span style="color: #800000;">"<span style="color: #800000;">Only variables can be passed by reference<span style="color: #800000;">"</span></span></span>
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上面 $bar == 1 表达式的编译结果,op_type为IS_TMP_VAR,可以看做一种临时的中间结果,并非IS_VAR,IS_CV,因此无法编译成功。看着逻辑有点绕,其实很好理解。因为我们传递引用,实际目的是希望能够在函数中,对这个参数的值进行修改,需要参数是可写的。然而 $bar == 1 产生的中间结果,我们无法做出修改,是只读的。

来看zend_do_pass_param的最后一段:

<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取下一条zend op指令</span>
opline =<span style="color: #000000;"> get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> extended_value加上不同的附加信息</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (op ==<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (function_ptr) {
        opline</span>->extended_value = ZEND_ARG_COMPILE_TIME_BOUND | send_by_reference |<span style="color: #000000;"> send_function;
    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
        opline</span>->extended_value =<span style="color: #000000;"> send_function;
    }
} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (function_ptr) {
        opline</span>->extended_value =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL;
    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
        opline</span>->extended_value =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
    }
}

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 设置opcode、op1、op2等</span>
opline->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> op;
opline</span>->op1 = *<span style="color: #000000;">param;
opline</span>->op2.u.opline_num =<span style="color: #000000;"> offset;
SET_UNUSED(opline</span>->op2);
Copy after login

上面这段代码生成了一条SEND指令。如果我们调用函数时候传递了多个参数,则会调用多次zend_do_pass_param,最终会生成多条SEND指令。

至于指令具体是SEND_VAR,SEND_VAL,还是SEND_RE,亦或是ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF,则依靠zend_do_pass_param中的判断。zend_do_pass_param中的逻辑分支比较多,一下子不能弄明白所有分支也没关系,最重要的是知道它会根据函数的定义以及实际传递的参数,产生最合适的SEND指令。

还是回到我们开始的例子,对于 foo($bar) ,则经过zend_do_pass_param之后,产生的SEND指令细节如下:

 

4、结束编译

结束函数调用是通过zend_do_end_function_call来完成的。根据前文所述,zend_do_begin_function_call并不产生一条实际的调用指令,但它确定了最终函数调用走的是DO_FCALL还是DO_FCALL_BY_NAME,并且据此来生成ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME或ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME指令。

实际的调用指令是放在zend_do_end_function_call中来生成的。

具体分析下zend_do_end_function_call

zend_op *<span style="color: #000000;">opline;

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 这段逻辑分支现在已经走不到了</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (is_method && function_name && function_name->op_type ==<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_UNUSED) {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> clone </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (Z_LVAL(argument_list->u.constant) != <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">) {
        zend_error(E_WARNING, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Clone method does not require arguments</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    opline </span>= &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[Z_LVAL(function_name-><span style="color: #000000;">u.constant)];
} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
    opline </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 函数,名称确定,非dynamic_fcall,函数则生成ZEND_DO_FCALL指令</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (!is_method && !is_dynamic_fcall && function_name->op_type==<span style="color: #000000;">IS_CONST) {
        opline</span>->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL;
        opline</span>->op1 = *<span style="color: #000000;">function_name;
        ZVAL_LONG(</span>&opline->op2.u.constant, zend_hash_func(Z_STRVAL(function_name->u.constant), Z_STRLEN(function_name->u.constant) + <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">));
    }
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 否则生成ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME指令</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
        opline</span>->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        SET_UNUSED(opline</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">op1);
    }
}

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 生成临时变量索引,函数的调用,返回的znode必然是IS_VAR</span>
opline->result.u.<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> =<span style="color: #000000;"> get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
opline</span>->result.op_type =<span style="color: #000000;"> IS_VAR;
</span>*result = opline-><span style="color: #000000;">result;
SET_UNUSED(opline</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">op2);

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 从CG(function_call_stack)弹出当前被调用的函数</span>
zend_stack_del_top(&<span style="color: #000000;">CG(function_call_stack));

</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 传参个数</span>
opline->extended_value = Z_LVAL(argument_list->u.constant);
Copy after login

其中有一段if逻辑分支已经走不到了,可以忽略。

具体考据:这段逻辑在462eff3中被添加,主要用于当调用__clone魔术方法时传参进行抛错,但在8e30d96中,已经不允许直接调用__clone方法了,在进入zend_do_end_function_call之前便会终止编译,所以实际上已经再也走不到该分支了。

直接看else部分,else生成了一条zend op指令。如果函数名确定,函数已被定义,并且不属于动态调用等,则生成的op指令为ZEND_DO_FCALL,否则生成ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME。对于ZEND_DO_FCALL指令,其操作数比较明确,为函数名,但是对于ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME来说,由于被调的函数尚未明确,所以将操作数置为UNUSED。

5、总结

用一张图总结一下函数调用大致的编译流程:

红色的方框为生成的op指令。特别是编译传参的地方,情况比较多,可能会产出4种SEND指令。

 

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