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python基础教程之循环介绍

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:42 AM
python Basic tutorial cycle

循环用于重复执行一些程序块。从上一讲的选择结构,我们已经看到了如何用缩进来表示程序块的隶属关系。循环也会用到类似的写法。

for循环

for循环需要预先设定好循环的次数(n),然后执行隶属于for的语句n次。

基本构造是

复制代码 代码如下:

for 元素 in 序列:
    statement

举例来说,我们编辑一个叫forDemo.py的文件

复制代码 代码如下:

for a in [3,4.4,'life']:
    print a

这个循环就是每次从表[3,4.4,'life'] 中取出一个元素(回忆:表是一种序列),然后将这个元素赋值给a,之后执行隶属于for的操作(print)。

介绍一个新的Python函数range(),来帮助你建立表。

复制代码 代码如下:

idx = range(5)
print idx

可以看到idx是[0,1,2,3,4]

这个函数的功能是新建一个表。这个表的元素都是整数,从0开始,下一个元素比前一个大1, 直到函数中所写的上限 (不包括该上限本身)

(关于range(),还有丰富用法,有兴趣可以查阅, Python 3中, range()用法有变化)

举例

复制代码 代码如下:

for a in range(10):
    print a**2

while循环

while的用法是

复制代码 代码如下:

while 条件:
    statement

while会不停地循环执行隶属于它的语句,直到条件为假(False)

举例

复制代码 代码如下:

while i     print i
    i = i + 1

中断循环

复制代码 代码如下:

continue   # 在循环的某一次执行中,如果遇到continue, 那么跳过这一次执行,进行下一次的操作

break      # 停止执行整个循环

for i in range(10):
    if i == 2:
        continue
    print i
 


当循环执行到i = 2的时候,if条件成立,触发continue, 跳过本次执行(不执行print),继续进行下一次执行(i = 3)。
复制代码 代码如下:

for i in range(10):
    if i == 2:       
        break
    print i

当循环执行到i = 2的时候,if条件成立,触发break, 整个循环停止。

总结

range()

for 元素 in 序列:

while 条件:

continue

break

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