python基础教程之循环介绍
循环用于重复执行一些程序块。从上一讲的选择结构,我们已经看到了如何用缩进来表示程序块的隶属关系。循环也会用到类似的写法。
for循环
for循环需要预先设定好循环的次数(n),然后执行隶属于for的语句n次。
基本构造是
for 元素 in 序列:
statement
举例来说,我们编辑一个叫forDemo.py的文件
for a in [3,4.4,'life']:
print a
这个循环就是每次从表[3,4.4,'life'] 中取出一个元素(回忆:表是一种序列),然后将这个元素赋值给a,之后执行隶属于for的操作(print)。
介绍一个新的Python函数range(),来帮助你建立表。
idx = range(5)
print idx
可以看到idx是[0,1,2,3,4]
这个函数的功能是新建一个表。这个表的元素都是整数,从0开始,下一个元素比前一个大1, 直到函数中所写的上限 (不包括该上限本身)
(关于range(),还有丰富用法,有兴趣可以查阅, Python 3中, range()用法有变化)
举例
for a in range(10):
print a**2
while循环
while的用法是
while 条件:
statement
while会不停地循环执行隶属于它的语句,直到条件为假(False)
举例
while i print i
i = i + 1
中断循环
continue # 在循环的某一次执行中,如果遇到continue, 那么跳过这一次执行,进行下一次的操作
break # 停止执行整个循环
for i in range(10):
if i == 2:
continue
print i
当循环执行到i = 2的时候,if条件成立,触发continue, 跳过本次执行(不执行print),继续进行下一次执行(i = 3)。
for i in range(10):
if i == 2:
break
print i
当循环执行到i = 2的时候,if条件成立,触发break, 整个循环停止。
总结
range()
for 元素 in 序列:
while 条件:
continue
break

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