Home Backend Development Python Tutorial python进阶教程之词典、字典、dict

python进阶教程之词典、字典、dict

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:42 AM
dict python dictionary dictionary Advanced tutorial

基础教程介绍了基本概念,特别是对象和类。

进阶教程对基础教程的进一步拓展,说明Python的细节。希望在进阶教程之后,你对Python有一个更全面的认识。

之前我们说了,列表是Python里的一个类。一个特定的表,比如说nl = [1,3,8],就是这个类的一个对象。我们可以调用这个对象的一些方法,比如 nl.append(15)。

我们要介绍一个新的类,词典 (dictionary)。与列表相似,词典也可以储存多个元素。这种储存多个元素的对象称为容器(container)。

基本概念

常见的创建词典的方法:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>dic = {'tom':11, 'sam':57,'lily':100}
>>>print type(dic)

词典和表类似的地方,是包含有多个元素,每个元素以逗号分隔。但词典的元素包含有两部分,键和值,常见的是以字符串来表示键,也可以使用数字或者真值来表示键(不可变的对象可以作为键)。值可以是任意对象。键和值两者一一对应。

比如上面的例子中,‘tom'对应11,'sam对应57,'lily'对应100
 
与表不同的是,词典的元素没有顺序。你不能通过下标引用元素。词典是通过键来引用。

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print dic['tom']
>>>dic['tom'] = 30
>>>print dic

构建一个新的空的词典:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>dic = {}
>>>print dic

 

在词典中增添一个新元素的方法:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>dic['lilei'] = 99
>>>print dic

这里,我们引用一个新的键,并赋予它对应的值。

词典元素的循环调用

复制代码 代码如下:

dic = {'lilei': 90, 'lily': 100, 'sam': 57, 'tom': 90}
for key in dic:
    print dic[key]

在循环中,dict的每个键,被提取出来,赋予给key变量。

通过print的结果,我们可以再次确认,dic中的元素是没有顺序的。

词典的常用方法

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print dic.keys()           # 返回dic所有的键
>>>print dic.values()         # 返回dic所有的值
>>>print dic.items()          # 返回dic所有的元素(键值对)
>>>dic.clear()                # 清空dic,dict变为{}

 

另外有一个很常用的用法:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>del dic['tom']             # 删除 dic 的‘tom'元素

del是Python中保留的关键字,用于删除对象。

与表类似,你可以用len()查询词典中的元素总数。

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print(len(dic))

总结

词典的每个元素是键值对。元素没有顺序。

复制代码 代码如下:

dic = {'tom':11, 'sam':57,'lily':100}
dic['tom'] = 99
for key in dic: ...
del, len()
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

What is the function of C language sum? What is the function of C language sum? Apr 03, 2025 pm 02:21 PM

There is no built-in sum function in C language, so it needs to be written by yourself. Sum can be achieved by traversing the array and accumulating elements: Loop version: Sum is calculated using for loop and array length. Pointer version: Use pointers to point to array elements, and efficient summing is achieved through self-increment pointers. Dynamically allocate array version: Dynamically allocate arrays and manage memory yourself, ensuring that allocated memory is freed to prevent memory leaks.

Who gets paid more Python or JavaScript? Who gets paid more Python or JavaScript? Apr 04, 2025 am 12:09 AM

There is no absolute salary for Python and JavaScript developers, depending on skills and industry needs. 1. Python may be paid more in data science and machine learning. 2. JavaScript has great demand in front-end and full-stack development, and its salary is also considerable. 3. Influencing factors include experience, geographical location, company size and specific skills.

Is distinctIdistinguish related? Is distinctIdistinguish related? Apr 03, 2025 pm 10:30 PM

Although distinct and distinct are related to distinction, they are used differently: distinct (adjective) describes the uniqueness of things themselves and is used to emphasize differences between things; distinct (verb) represents the distinction behavior or ability, and is used to describe the discrimination process. In programming, distinct is often used to represent the uniqueness of elements in a collection, such as deduplication operations; distinct is reflected in the design of algorithms or functions, such as distinguishing odd and even numbers. When optimizing, the distinct operation should select the appropriate algorithm and data structure, while the distinct operation should optimize the distinction between logical efficiency and pay attention to writing clear and readable code.

How to understand !x in C? How to understand !x in C? Apr 03, 2025 pm 02:33 PM

!x Understanding !x is a logical non-operator in C language. It booleans the value of x, that is, true changes to false, false changes to true. But be aware that truth and falsehood in C are represented by numerical values ​​rather than boolean types, non-zero is regarded as true, and only 0 is regarded as false. Therefore, !x deals with negative numbers the same as positive numbers and is considered true.

Can C language user identifiers contain spaces? Can C language user identifiers contain spaces? Apr 03, 2025 pm 01:51 PM

C language identifiers cannot contain spaces because they can cause confusion and difficulty in maintaining. The specific rules are as follows: they must start with letters or underscores. Can contain letters, numbers, or underscores. Cannot contain illegal characters (such as special symbols).

What does sum mean in C language? What does sum mean in C language? Apr 03, 2025 pm 02:36 PM

There is no built-in sum function in C for sum, but it can be implemented by: using a loop to accumulate elements one by one; using a pointer to access and accumulate elements one by one; for large data volumes, consider parallel calculations.

How to apply snake nomenclature in C language? How to apply snake nomenclature in C language? Apr 03, 2025 pm 01:03 PM

In C language, snake nomenclature is a coding style convention, which uses underscores to connect multiple words to form variable names or function names to enhance readability. Although it won't affect compilation and operation, lengthy naming, IDE support issues, and historical baggage need to be considered.

Does H5 page production require continuous maintenance? Does H5 page production require continuous maintenance? Apr 05, 2025 pm 11:27 PM

The H5 page needs to be maintained continuously, because of factors such as code vulnerabilities, browser compatibility, performance optimization, security updates and user experience improvements. Effective maintenance methods include establishing a complete testing system, using version control tools, regularly monitoring page performance, collecting user feedback and formulating maintenance plans.

See all articles