python中的sort方法使用详解
Python中的sort()方法用于数组排序，本文以实例形式对此加以详细说明：
一、基本形式
列表有自己的sort方法，其对列表进行原址排序，既然是原址排序，那显然元组不可能拥有这种方法，因为元组是不可修改的。
x = [4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9] x.sort() print x # [1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]
如果需要一个排序好的副本，同时保持原有列表不变，怎么实现呢
x =[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9] y = x[ : ] y.sort() print y #[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9] print x #[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9]
注意：y = x[:] 通过分片操作将列表x的元素全部拷贝给y，如果简单的把x赋值给y：y = x，y和x还是指向同一个列表，并没有产生新的副本。
另一种获取已排序的列表副本的方法是使用sorted函数：
x =[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9] y = sorted(x) print y #[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9] print x #[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9]
sorted返回一个有序的副本，并且类型总是列表，如下：
print sorted('Python') #['P', 'h', 'n', 'o', 't', 'y']
二、自定义比较函数
可以定义自己的比较函数，然后通过参数传递给sort方法：
def comp(x, y): if x < y: return 1 elif x > y: return -1 else: return 0 nums = [3, 2, 8 ,0 , 1] nums.sort(comp) print nums # 降序排序[8, 3, 2, 1, 0] nums.sort(cmp) # 调用内建函数cmp ，升序排序 print nums # 降序排序[0, 1, 2, 3, 8]
三、可选参数
sort方法还有两个可选参数：key和reverse
1、key在使用时必须提供一个排序过程总调用的函数：
x = ['mmm', 'mm', 'mm', 'm' ] x.sort(key = len) print x # ['m', 'mm', 'mm', 'mmm']
2、reverse实现降序排序，需要提供一个布尔值：
y = [3, 2, 8 ,0 , 1] y.sort(reverse = True) print y #[8, 3, 2, 1, 0]
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