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python中from module import * 的一个坑

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Release: 2016-06-16 08:43:10
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但还有另外一个问题 - 你以为你修改了某个变量,其实,被from module import *后的那个并没有被更新,非常危险,因为程序有可能还可以正常运行, 只不过结果错了,到了production才被发现就比较惨了。

举个例子:

你定义了一些变量在base模块中:

# reference data type
class Demo:
 def __init__(self, name):
  self.name = name
demo = Demo('Demo')

# primitive type
foo = 1
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然后在一个模块中用from module import 的方式读它:

from base import *
def read():
    print 'reference data id: ' + str(id(demo))
    print 'reference data value : ' + demo.name

    print 'primitive data id: ' + str(id(foo))
    print 'primitive data value: ' + str(foo)
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在另外一个模块中写它:

import base

def write():
 print "\nOriginal:"
 print "Original reference data id: " + str(id(base.demo))
 base.demo.name = "Updated Demo" # this will reflect that change
 #base.demo = base.Demo("Updated Demo") # this won't relfect the change
 print "Original data id: " + str(id(base.foo))
 base.foo = 1000
 print "Original data id after assignment: " + str(id(base.foo))
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然后先写,后读,看写的内容是否有效:

import read
import write

print "before write"
read.read()

write.write()

print "\nafter write"
read.read()
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结论是没有,原因是:

当你用from module import时,其实是copy了一份reference或者pointer,指向一份内存,var和module.var都指向同一份内存
当你修改module.var时,其实你是让它指向了另外一份内存,此时var和module.var指向的是不同的内存
所以,虽然module.var的值变了,var还是指向原来那份内存,原来的值
这个对于object,比较容易理解,你可以直接修改object里的值,这个是有效的,但是当你指向另外一个object时就无效了。 对于primitive类型来讲,其实也是一个道理,因为每次赋值,都是让其指向一个不同的内存地址,而不是inplace修改已有的那份内存 - 这个很容易验证:

In [1]: a = 10

In [2]: id(a)
Out[2]: 20429204

In [3]: a = 100

In [4]: id(a)
Out[4]: 20430108
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所以,建议是除非是一个quick and dirty的脚本,否则不要使用from module import *!

例子: https://github.com/baiyanhuang/blog/tree/master/arena/python/from_module_import

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