让python同时兼容python2和python3的8个技巧分享
python邮件列表里有人发表言论说“python3在10内都无法普及”。在我看来这样的观点有些过于悲观,python3和python2虽然不兼容,但他们之间差别并没很多人想像的那么大。你只需要对自己的代码稍微做些修改就可以很好的同时支持python2和python3的。下面我将简要的介绍一下如何让自己的python代码如何同时支持python2和python3。
一、放弃python 2.6之前的python版本
python 2.6之前的python版本缺少一些新特性,会给你的迁移工作带来不少麻烦。如果不是迫不得已还是放弃对之前版本的支持吧。
二、使用 2to3 工具对代码检查
2to3是python自带的一个代码转换工具,可以将python2的代码自动转换为python3的代码。当然,不幸的是转换出的代码并没有对python2的兼容做任何的处理。所以我们并不真正使用2to3转换出的代码。执行2to3 t.py 查看输出信息,并修正相关问题。
三、使用python -3执行python程序
2to3 可以检查出很多python2&3的兼容性问题,但也有很多问题是2to3发现不了的。在加上 -3 参数后,程序在运行时会在控制台上将python2和python3不一致,同时2to3无法处理的问题提示出来。比如python3和python2中对除法的处理规则做过改变。使用-3参数执行4/2将提示 DeprecationWarning: classic int division 。
四、from __future__ import
“from __future__ import”后即可使使用python的未来特性了。python的完整future特性可见 __future__ 。python3中所有字符都变成了unicode。在python2中unicode字符在定义时需要在字符前面加 u,但在3中则不需要家u,而且在加u后程序会无法编译通过。为了解决该问题可以 “from future import unicode_literals” ,这样python2中字符的行为将和python3中保持一致,python2中定义普通字符将自动识别为unicode。
五、import问题
python3中“少”了很多python2的包,在大多情况下这些包之是改了个名字而已。我们可以在import的时候对这些问题进行处理。
from UserDict import UserDict
#建议按照python3的名字进行import
from UserDict import DictMixin as MutableMapping
except ImportError:#python3
from collections import UserDict
from collections import MutableMapping
六、使用python3的方式写程序
python2中print是关键字,到了python3中print变成了函数。事实上在python2.6中已经带了print函数,所以对print你直接按照2to3中给出的提示改为新写法即可。在python3中对异常的处理做了些变化,这个和print类似,直接按照2to3中的提示修改即可。
七、检查当前运行的python版本
有时候你或许必须为python2和python3写不同的代码,你可以用下面的代码检查当前系统的python版本。
if sys.version > '3':
PY3 = True
else:
PY3 = False
八、six
six 提供了一些简单的工具用来封装 Python 2 和 Python 3 之间的差异性。我并不太推荐使用six。如果不需要支持python2.6之前的python版本,即使不用six也是比较容易处理兼容性问题的。使用six会让你的代码更像python2而不是python3。
python3的普及需要每位pythoner的推动,或许你还无法立即升级到python3,但请现在就开始写兼容python3的代码,并在条件成熟时升级到python3。
注:python2同python3的差异
如果你更全面的了解从python2迁移到python3的相关问题,推荐阅读 Porting to Python 3 这是一本免费的python读物。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

Python and JavaScript have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of community, libraries and resources. 1) The Python community is friendly and suitable for beginners, but the front-end development resources are not as rich as JavaScript. 2) Python is powerful in data science and machine learning libraries, while JavaScript is better in front-end development libraries and frameworks. 3) Both have rich learning resources, but Python is suitable for starting with official documents, while JavaScript is better with MDNWebDocs. The choice should be based on project needs and personal interests.

Docker uses Linux kernel features to provide an efficient and isolated application running environment. Its working principle is as follows: 1. The mirror is used as a read-only template, which contains everything you need to run the application; 2. The Union File System (UnionFS) stacks multiple file systems, only storing the differences, saving space and speeding up; 3. The daemon manages the mirrors and containers, and the client uses them for interaction; 4. Namespaces and cgroups implement container isolation and resource limitations; 5. Multiple network modes support container interconnection. Only by understanding these core concepts can you better utilize Docker.

In VS Code, you can run the program in the terminal through the following steps: Prepare the code and open the integrated terminal to ensure that the code directory is consistent with the terminal working directory. Select the run command according to the programming language (such as Python's python your_file_name.py) to check whether it runs successfully and resolve errors. Use the debugger to improve debugging efficiency.

Python excels in automation, scripting, and task management. 1) Automation: File backup is realized through standard libraries such as os and shutil. 2) Script writing: Use the psutil library to monitor system resources. 3) Task management: Use the schedule library to schedule tasks. Python's ease of use and rich library support makes it the preferred tool in these areas.

VS Code extensions pose malicious risks, such as hiding malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities, and masturbating as legitimate extensions. Methods to identify malicious extensions include: checking publishers, reading comments, checking code, and installing with caution. Security measures also include: security awareness, good habits, regular updates and antivirus software.

CentOS Installing Nginx requires following the following steps: Installing dependencies such as development tools, pcre-devel, and openssl-devel. Download the Nginx source code package, unzip it and compile and install it, and specify the installation path as /usr/local/nginx. Create Nginx users and user groups and set permissions. Modify the configuration file nginx.conf, and configure the listening port and domain name/IP address. Start the Nginx service. Common errors need to be paid attention to, such as dependency issues, port conflicts, and configuration file errors. Performance optimization needs to be adjusted according to the specific situation, such as turning on cache and adjusting the number of worker processes.

VS Code is the full name Visual Studio Code, which is a free and open source cross-platform code editor and development environment developed by Microsoft. It supports a wide range of programming languages and provides syntax highlighting, code automatic completion, code snippets and smart prompts to improve development efficiency. Through a rich extension ecosystem, users can add extensions to specific needs and languages, such as debuggers, code formatting tools, and Git integrations. VS Code also includes an intuitive debugger that helps quickly find and resolve bugs in your code.
