在 Django/Flask 开发服务器上使用 HTTPS
使用 Django 或 Flask 这种框架开发 web app 的时候一般都会用内建服务器开发和调试程序，等程序完成后再移交到生产环境部署。问题是这些内建服务器通常都不支持 HTTPS，我们想在开发的时候就能够使用和测试 HTTPS，不想还没测试就部署到生产环境，所以我们需要内建服务器能支持 HTTPS.
这个问题可以通过一个外部程序 stunnel 来解决，stunnel 的作用是通过 OpenSSL 库对 TCP 会话进行加密，建立起一个安全通道，保护没有加密功能或未加密的程序。其主要功能有两个：
接收未加密的数据流，进行 SSL 加密，然后把加密后的数据流通过网络发送出去；
对已加密的数据流进行解密，并将解密后的数据流其通过网络发送给另一个程序。
了解了 stunnel 的功能后我们很容易就能想到利用 stunnel 建立一个 SSL 加密通道绑定到 Django/Flask 内建服务器上，stunnel 启动 443 端口接受用户的 HTTPS 请求，解密后发送给内建服务器的 8000 端口处理，内建服务器处理完后发送数据给 stunnel 然后加密后返回给浏览器用户。
好吧，上面说了一堆貌似很复杂，其实使用 stunnel 很简单。
在 Django/Flask 开发服务器所在的服务器上安装 stunnel:
# yum install stunnel（在 CentOS 上）
或者
$ sudo apt-get install stunnel4（在 Ubuntu 上）
如果没有购买 SSL 证书的话自己生成一个，对了，这个文件的权限必须是 600 哦：
# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out vpsee.pem -keyout vpsee.pem # chmod 600 vpsee.pem
新建一个配置文件叫做 https，然后用 stunnel 执行这个配置文件，启动 443 端口连接到 Django/Flask 内建服务器的 8000 端口：
# vi https pid = cert = vpsee.pem debug = 7 foreground = yes [https] accept = 443 connect = 8000 # stunnel https
启动 Django 内建服务器绑定到上面配置文件提到的 8000 端口：
# HTTPS=1 python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
启动 Flask 内建服务器不需要特别的，改变端口到 8000，按照正常的方式启动就可以了：
# vi run.py #!flask/bin/python from app import app app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, debug = True) # ./run.py * Running on http://0.0.0.0:8000/ * Restarting with reloader
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