Python中文编码那些事
首先,要明白encode()和decode()的区别
encode()的作用是将Unicode编码的字符串转换为其他编码格式。
例如: st1.encode("utf-8") 这句话的作用是将Unicode编码的st1编码为utf-8编码的字符串
decode()的作用是把其他编码格式的字符串转换成Unicode编码的字符串。
例如: st2.decode("utf-8") 这句话的作用是将utf-8编码的字符串st2解码为Unicode编码的字符串
第二,除Unicode编码的字符串以外,任何一种编码的字符串要想转换为其他编码格式,必须先解码后编码
非Unicode编码--> Unicode编码-->非Unicode编码
例如,utf-8编码的字符串st想要转换为gbk编码的字符串,必须经过以下步骤:
st=st.decode("utf-8") #解码为Unicode编码
st=st.encode("gbk") #从Unicode编码编码为gbk编码
第三,我们经常使用的utf-8编码还分为有BOM的和无BOM的。
第四:关于json文件的中文编码。用Python读取Json文件时经常用到json.load()函数,该函数对json文件的格式是有要求的
1)json文件是utf-8 without BOM编码的,那么可以直接用json.load(filename)函数读取json文件的内容
2)json文件是utf-8 with BOM编码的,不能用json.load()函数读取,json.load()不能正确识别
3)json文件时其他编码的,比如gbk, 要把json文件的编码格式作为一个参数传给json.load():
eg. json.load(filename,"gbk")
第五,怎么查看并且设置自己文件的编码呢?
介绍一个个人比较喜欢的工具"Nodtepad++",随便一个软件管家里就与一键安装。
用这个工具你可以方便的查看自己的文件的当前编码,并可以轻松转换成任意其他编码格式

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