python教程之用py2exe将PY文件转成EXE文件
一、简介
py2exe已经被用于创建wxPython,Tkinter,Pmw,PyGTK,pygame,win32com client和server,和其它的独立程序。py2exe是发布在开源许可证下的。
二、安装py2exe
从http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/py2exe下载并运行与你所安装的Python对应的py2exe版本的installer,这将安装py2exe和相应的例子;这些例子被安装在lib\site-packages\py2exe\samples目录下。
三、py2exe的用法
如 果你有一个名为myscript.py的python脚本,你想把它转换为运行在windows上的可执行程序,并运行在没有安装python的 windows系统上,那么首先你应写一个用于发布程序的设置脚本例如mysetup.py,在其中的setup函数前插入语句 import py2exe 。
mysetup.py示例如下:
# mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(console=["myscript.py"])
然后按下面的方法运行mysetup.py:
python mysetup.py py2exe
上面的命令执行后将产生一个名为dist的子目录,其中包含了myscript.exe,python24.dll,library.zip这些文件。
如果你的myscript.py脚本中用了已编译的C扩展模块,那么这些模块也会被拷贝在个子目录中,同样,所有的dll文件在运行时都是需要的,除了系统的dll文件。
dist子目录中的文件包含了你的程序所必须的东西,你应将这个子目录中的所有内容一起发布。
默认情况下,py2exe在目录dist下创建以下这些必须的文件:
1、一个或多个exe文件。
2、python##.dll。
3、几个.pyd文件,它们是已编译的扩展名,它们是exe文件所需要的;加上其它的.dll文件,这些.dll是.pyd所需要的。
4、一个library.zip文件,它包含了已编译的纯的python模块如.pyc或.pyo
上面的mysetup.py创建了一个控制台的myscript.exe程序,如果你要创建一个图形用户界的程序,那么你只需要将mysetup.py中的console=["myscript.py"]替换为windows=["myscript.py"]既可。
py2exe一次能够创建多个exe文件,你需要将这些脚本文件的列表传递给console或windows的关键字参数。如果你有几个相关联的脚本,那么这是很有用的。
运行下面个命令,将显示py2exe命令的所有命令行标记。
python mysetup.py py2exe --help
四、指定额外的文件
一些应用程序在运行时需要额外的文件,诸如配置文件、字体、位图。
如果在安装脚本中用data_files可选项指定了那些额外的文件,那么py2exe能将这些文件拷贝到dist子目录中。data_files应包含一个元组(target-dir, files)列表,其中的files是这些额外的文件的列表。
示例如下:
# mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup
import glob
import py2exe
setup(console=["myscript.py"],
data_files=[("bitmaps",
["bm/large.gif", "bm/small.gif"]),
("fonts",
glob.glob("fonts\\*.fnt"))],
)
说明:data_files选项将创建一个子目录dist\bitmaps,其中包含两个.gif文件;一个子目录dist\fonts,其中包含了所有的.fnt文件。
五、Windows NT services
你可以通过传递一个service关键字参数给setup函数来建造Windows NT services,这个service参数的值必须是一个Python模块名(包含一service类)的列表。
示例如下:
# mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(service=["MyService"])
所建造的可执行的service是可以通过在其后跟一定的命令行参数标记来自行安装和卸载的。你可以通过在这个可执行的service(exe)后跟一-help参数来得到更多的帮助。
六、COM servers
你可以通过传递一个com_server 关键字参数给setup函数来建造Windows NT services,这个service参数的值必须是一个Python模块名(包含一个或多个COM server 类)的列表。
示例如下:
# mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(com_server=["win32com.server.interp"])
默认情况下,DLL和EXE servers被建造,你不需要它们的话你可以简单的删除它们。

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