从零学Python之入门(三)序列
sequence 序列
sequence(序列)是一组有顺序的元素的集合
(严格的说,是对象的集合,但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念,暂时说元素)
序列可以包含一个或多个元素,也可以没有任何元素。
我们之前所说的基本数据类型,都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列,以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。
序列有两种:tuple(定值表; 也有翻译为元组) 和 list (表)
>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple
>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list
>>>print s1,type(s1)
>>>print s2,type(s2)
tuple和list的主要区别在于,一旦建立,tuple的各个元素不可再变更,而list的各个元素可以再变更。
一个序列作为另一个序列的元素
>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]
空序列
>>>s4 = []
元素的引用
序列元素的下标从0开始:
>>>print s1[0]
>>>print s2[2]
>>>print s3[1][2]
由于list的元素可变更,你可以对list的某个元素赋值:
>>>s2[1] = 3.0
>>>print s2
如果你对tuple做这样的操作,会得到错误提示。
所以,可以看到,序列的引用通过s[
其他引用方式
范围引用: 基本样式[下限:上限:步长]
>>>print s1[:5] # 从开始到下标4 (下标5的元素 不包括在内)
>>>print s1[2:] # 从下标2到最后
>>>print s1[0:5:2] # 从下标0到下标4 (下标5不包括在内),每隔2取一个元素 (下标为0,2,4的元素)
>>>print s1[2:0:-1] # 从下标2到下标1
从上面可以看到,在范围引用的时候,如果写明上限,那么这个上限本身不包括在内。
尾部元素引用
>>>print s1[-1] # 序列最后一个元素
>>>print s1[-3] # 序列倒数第三个元素
同样,如果s1[0:-1], 那么最后一个元素不会被引用 (再一次,不包括上限元素本身)
字符串是元组
字符串是一种特殊的元素,因此可以执行元组的相关操作。
>>>str = 'abcdef'
>>>print str[2:4]
总结
tuple元素不可变,list元素可变
序列的引用 s[2], s[1:8:2]
字符串是一种tuple

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