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从零学Python之入门(三)序列

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:44 AM
python sequence

sequence 序列

sequence(序列)是一组有顺序的元素的集合

(严格的说,是对象的集合,但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念,暂时说元素)

序列可以包含一个或多个元素,也可以没有任何元素。

我们之前所说的基本数据类型,都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列,以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。

序列有两种:tuple(定值表; 也有翻译为元组) 和 list (表)

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False)         # s1是一个tuple
>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile']                          # s2是一个list
>>>print s1,type(s1)
>>>print s2,type(s2)

tuple和list的主要区别在于,一旦建立,tuple的各个元素不可再变更,而list的各个元素可以再变更。

一个序列作为另一个序列的元素

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]

空序列

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>s4 = []

元素的引用

序列元素的下标从0开始:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print s1[0]
>>>print s2[2]
>>>print s3[1][2]

由于list的元素可变更,你可以对list的某个元素赋值:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>s2[1] = 3.0
>>>print s2

如果你对tuple做这样的操作,会得到错误提示。

所以,可以看到,序列的引用通过s[]实现, int为下标

其他引用方式

范围引用: 基本样式[下限:上限:步长]

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print s1[:5]             # 从开始到下标4 (下标5的元素 不包括在内)
>>>print s1[2:]             # 从下标2到最后
>>>print s1[0:5:2]          # 从下标0到下标4 (下标5不包括在内),每隔2取一个元素 (下标为0,2,4的元素)
>>>print s1[2:0:-1]         # 从下标2到下标1

从上面可以看到,在范围引用的时候,如果写明上限,那么这个上限本身不包括在内。

尾部元素引用

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>print s1[-1]             # 序列最后一个元素
>>>print s1[-3]             # 序列倒数第三个元素

同样,如果s1[0:-1], 那么最后一个元素不会被引用 (再一次,不包括上限元素本身)

字符串是元组

字符串是一种特殊的元素,因此可以执行元组的相关操作。

复制代码 代码如下:

>>>str = 'abcdef'
>>>print str[2:4]

总结

tuple元素不可变,list元素可变

序列的引用 s[2], s[1:8:2]

字符串是一种tuple

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