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Python random模块(获取随机数)常用方法和使用例子

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:44 AM
python random module

random.random
random.random()用于生成一个0到1的随机符点数: 0

random.uniform
random.uniform(a, b),用于生成一个指定范围内的随机符点数,两个参数其中一个是上限,一个是下限。如果a > b,则生成的随机数n: a

复制代码 代码如下:

print random.uniform(10, 20)
print random.uniform(20, 10)
# 18.7356606526
# 12.5798298022 

random.randint
random.randint(a, b),用于生成一个指定范围内的整数。其中参数a是下限,参数b是上限,生成的随机数n: a

复制代码 代码如下:

print random.randint(12, 20)  # 生成的随机数 n: 12 print random.randint(20, 20)  # 结果永远是20    
# print random.randint(20, 10)  # 该语句是错误的。下限必须小于上限

random.randrange
random.randrange([start], stop[, step]),从指定范围内,按指定基数递增的集合中 获取一个随机数。如:random.randrange(10, 100, 2),结果相当于从[10, 12, 14, 16, ... 96, 98]序列中获取一个随机数。random.randrange(10, 100, 2)在结果上与 random.choice(range(10, 100, 2) 等效

random.choice
random.choice从序列中获取一个随机元素。其函数原型为:random.choice(sequence)。参数sequence表示一个有序类型。这里要说明 一下:sequence在python不是一种特定的类型,而是泛指一系列的类型。list, tuple, 字符串都属于sequence。有关sequence可以查看python手册数据模型这一章。下面是使用choice的一些例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

print random.choice("学习Python")
print random.choice(["JGood", "is", "a", "handsome", "boy"])
print random.choice(("Tuple", "List", "Dict")) 

random.shuffle
random.shuffle(x[, random]),用于将一个列表中的元素打乱。如:

复制代码 代码如下:

p = ["Python", "is", "powerful", "simple", "and so on..."]
random.shuffle(p)
print p
# ['powerful', 'simple', 'is', 'Python', 'and so on...'] 

random.sample
random.sample(sequence, k),从指定序列中随机获取指定长度的片断。sample函数不会修改原有序列

复制代码 代码如下:

list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
slice = random.sample(list, 5)  # 从list中随机获取5个元素,作为一个片断返回
print slice
print list  # 原有序列并没有改变


随机整数:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> random.randint(0,99)
# 21

随机选取0到100间的偶数:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> random.randrange(0, 101, 2)
# 42

随机浮点数:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> random.random()
0.85415370477785668
>>> random.uniform(1, 10)
# 5.4221167969800881

随机字符:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> random.choice('abcdefg%^*f')
# 'd'

多个字符中选取特定数量的字符:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
random.sample('abcdefghij', 3)
# ['a', 'd', 'b']

多个字符中选取特定数量的字符组成新字符串:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> import string
>>> string.join( random.sample(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], 3) ).replace(" ","")
# 'fih'

随机选取字符串:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> random.choice ( ['apple', 'pear', 'peach', 'orange', 'lemon'] )
# 'lemon'

洗牌:

复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import random
>>> items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> random.shuffle(items)
>>> items
# [3, 2, 5, 6, 4, 1]
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