python中根据字符串调用函数的实现方法
在python中可以根据字符串来调用函数：
1、使用getattr从字符串来调用函数
在多进程中，可能传递过来的是一个字符串，那么我怎么来调用一个已经存在的函数呢，主要就是使用到getattr函数的作用，这个函数就是在使用字符串得到这个字符串对应的函数的对象，然后就可以进行执行，如下所示：
在模块中，存在两个函数：
[root@python 530]# cat attr.py #!/usr/bin/env python def kel(): print 'this is a kel function' def smile(): print 'this is a smile function' if __name__ == '__main__': kel() smile()
在上面的attr模块中，定义了两个函数，一个函数为kel，另外一个函数为smile，那么我根据字符串kel和smile怎么执行函数呢，就是使用getattr函数，如下所示：
>>> import attr >>> k = getattr(attr,'kel') >>> k() this is a kel function >>> s = getattr(attr,'smile') >>> s() this is a smile function >>> e = getattr(attr,'errors') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'errors'
在第一个中，直接导入模块，那么模块就是一个object，从而在getattr根据字符串kel获取到attr中的kel（）函数，从而最后进行执行，这里也就实现了，根据字符串的不同，从而执行相应的函数。
2、 使用字典来调用函数
在上面模块的定义不变，但是在调用的时候，可以定义一个字典，根据字典的值来进行执行函数，如下所示：
>>> import attr
>>> d = {'kel':attr.kel,'smile':attr.smile}
>>> d['kel']()
this is a kel function
>>> d['smile']()
this is a smile function从而可以使用字典值来进行调用函数。
以上两种方法主要就是用来，当传递过来一个字符串的时候，我该如何调用其他函数，那么第一种方法就是使用getattr来进行执行函数；第二种方法就是预先定义一个字典，然后执行字典的值即可。
以上这篇python中根据字符串调用函数的实现方法就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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