[laravel]Laravel框架的体系结构
Laravel被称为“全栈”式框架,因为它能够处理从网络服务到数据库管理、HTML生成的一切事情,垂直集成的web开发环境给开发者提供了更好的体验。
开发人员可以通过命令行工具,生成和管理Laravel项目环境。Laravel附带了一个名为Artisan的优秀的命令行工具,它提供了一些开发过程中有用的命令用,可以用来生成框架代码和数据库管理。它是基于强大的Symfony Console 组件开发的。
Laravel的目标是给开发者创造一个愉快的开发过程,并且不牺牲应用的功能性。快乐的开发者才能创造最棒的代码!为了这个目的,我们博取众框架之长处集中到Laravel中,这些框架甚至是基于Ruby on Rails、ASP.NET MVC、和Sinatra等开发语言或工具的。
Laravel是易于理解并且强大的,它提供了强大的工具用以开发大型、健壮的应用。杰出的IoC、数据库迁移工具和紧密集成的单元测试支持,这些工具赋予你构建任何应用的能力。
目录结构
这是所有laravel项目具有基本上相同的目录结构,其中的每个文件都具有指定的地方。通过对目录结构的约定,确保你是按照“laravel方式”来工作。
正如你看到的,laravel项目下面有4个文件夹:app、bootstrap、public、vendor,这4个文件夹下面又有很多个子文件夹,当你第一次看到这么丰富的文件夹内容时,是不是觉得很有压力?没关系,我们会逐一的来了解不同的文件夹。
app目录
模型-视图-控制器(MVC)
让我们更深一步了解如何建立laravel应用。你可能已经注意到,app目录下面有三子目录:models,views,controllers。这是表明了laravel是model-view-controller(MVC)架构模式,它将“业务逻辑”与图形用户界面相关的输入和显示逻辑(GUI)分离。在laravel Web应用中,业务逻辑通常由数据模型(如用户,博客文章)组成,GUI则只是一个浏览器中的页面。MVC设计模式在Web的开发领域中非常受欢迎。MVC模式的三个要素:
Laravel的响应流程
一个典型的laravel应用程序由上面提到的MVC组成
当访问一个laravel应用程序时,浏览器发送一个请求,由Web服务器接收并传递到laravel的路由引擎。该laravel路由器接收到请求后,根据配置重定向到相应的控制器类的方法。
然后由控制器类接管。在某些情况下,控制器将立即渲染一个视图,这是一个模板,将被转换成HTML并且发送回浏览器。更普遍的动态网站,控制器与模型进行交互,与数据库进行通信。调用模型后,控制器呈现最终视图(HTML、CSS和图像)并返回完整的web页面到用户的浏览器。
Laravel提倡模型、视图和控制器,应保持完全独立的存储单独的文件在不同的目录。这就是laravel的目录结构发挥作用的地方。
像MVC这样的设计模式的产生,就是为了让开发者的工作更加轻松。这就是Laravel比那些不用任何模式的PHP厉害的地方。如果这种讨论你现在感觉很抽象,不用担心!当你开始用Laravel工作,你都不会意识到你是在一种设计模式中工作。过一段时间后,就会变得自然了。

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