Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 现代 PHP 新特性系列(二) -- 善用接口

现代 PHP 新特性系列(二) -- 善用接口

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:29 PM

接口不是现代PHP的新特性,但是非常重要,学会使用接口,可以极大提升我们的编程能力,所以在日常开发中应该尽可能多地使用接口。

接口是两个PHP对象之间的契约(Contract),Laravel底层就直接将接口放在 Contracts 目录中:

接口将我们的代码和依赖解耦了,而且允许我们的代码依赖任何实现了预期接口的第三方代码,我们不管第三方代码是如何实现接口的,只关心第三方代码是否实现了指定的接口。

如果我们编写的代码需要处理指定类的对象,那么代码的功用就完全被限定了,因为始终只能使用那个类的对象,可是,如果编写的代码处理的是接口,那么代码立即就能知道如何处理实现这一接口的任何对象,我们不关心接口是如何实现的,只关心是否实现了指定的接口。

我们以上述Laravel底层提供的CacheStore(Store接口)为例,这个接口的作用是封装缓存存储器的通用方法,包括 get 、 put 、 flush 等:

<?phpnamespace Illuminate\Contracts\Cache;interface Store{    /**     * Retrieve an item from the cache by key.     *     * @param  string|array  $key     * @return mixed     */    public function get($key);    /**     * Retrieve multiple items from the cache by key.     *     * Items not found in the cache will have a null value.     *     * @param  array  $keys     * @return array     */    public function many(array $keys);    /**     * Store an item in the cache for a given number of minutes.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @param  int     $minutes     * @return void     */    public function put($key, $value, $minutes);    /**     * Store multiple items in the cache for a given number of minutes.     *     * @param  array  $values     * @param  int  $minutes     * @return void     */    public function putMany(array $values, $minutes);    /**     * Increment the value of an item in the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return int|bool     */    public function increment($key, $value = 1);    /**     * Decrement the value of an item in the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return int|bool     */    public function decrement($key, $value = 1);    /**     * Store an item in the cache indefinitely.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return void     */    public function forever($key, $value);    /**     * Remove an item from the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @return bool     */    public function forget($key);    /**     * Remove all items from the cache.     *     * @return void     */    public function flush();    /**     * Get the cache key prefix.     *     * @return string     */    public function getPrefix();}
Copy after login

这么做的好处是可以分开定义具体的缓存实现方式,比如Laravel支持数组(Array)、数据库(Database)、文件(File)、Apc、Memcache、Redis等缓存存储器,方便我们在代码中使用相应的方式对数据进行缓存。我们以Memcached驱动为例,其对应实现类是 MemcachedStore :

<?phpnamespace Illuminate\Cache;use Memcached;use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Store;class MemcachedStore extends TaggableStore implements Store{    /**     * The Memcached instance.     *     * @var \Memcached     */    protected $memcached;    /**     * A string that should be prepended to keys.     *     * @var string     */    protected $prefix;    /**     * Create a new Memcached store.     *     * @param  \Memcached  $memcached     * @param  string      $prefix     * @return void     */    public function __construct($memcached, $prefix = '')    {        $this->setPrefix($prefix);        $this->memcached = $memcached;    }    /**     * Retrieve an item from the cache by key.     *     * @param  string|array  $key     * @return mixed     */    public function get($key)    {        $value = $this->memcached->get($this->prefix.$key);        if ($this->memcached->getResultCode() == 0) {            return $value;        }    }    /**     * Retrieve multiple items from the cache by key.     *     * Items not found in the cache will have a null value.     *     * @param  array  $keys     * @return array     */    public function many(array $keys)    {        $prefixedKeys = array_map(function ($key) {            return $this->prefix.$key;        }, $keys);        $values = $this->memcached->getMulti($prefixedKeys, null, Memcached::GET_PRESERVE_ORDER);        if ($this->memcached->getResultCode() != 0) {            return array_fill_keys($keys, null);        }        return array_combine($keys, $values);    }    /**     * Store an item in the cache for a given number of minutes.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @param  int     $minutes     * @return void     */    public function put($key, $value, $minutes)    {        $this->memcached->set($this->prefix.$key, $value, $minutes * 60);    }    /**     * Store multiple items in the cache for a given number of minutes.     *     * @param  array  $values     * @param  int  $minutes     * @return void     */    public function putMany(array $values, $minutes)    {        $prefixedValues = [];        foreach ($values as $key => $value) {           $prefixedValues[$this->prefix.$key] = $value;        }        $this->memcached->setMulti($prefixedValues, $minutes * 60);    }    /**     * Store an item in the cache if the key doesn't exist.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @param  int     $minutes     * @return bool     */    public function add($key, $value, $minutes)    {        return $this->memcached->add($this->prefix.$key, $value, $minutes * 60);    }    /**     * Increment the value of an item in the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return int|bool     */    public function increment($key, $value = 1)    {        return $this->memcached->increment($this->prefix.$key, $value);    }    /**     * Decrement the value of an item in the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return int|bool     */    public function decrement($key, $value = 1)    {        return $this->memcached->decrement($this->prefix.$key, $value);    }    /**     * Store an item in the cache indefinitely.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @param  mixed   $value     * @return void     */    public function forever($key, $value)    {        $this->put($key, $value, 0);    }    /**     * Remove an item from the cache.     *     * @param  string  $key     * @return bool     */    public function forget($key)    {        return $this->memcached->delete($this->prefix.$key);    }    /**     * Remove all items from the cache.     *     * @return void     */    public function flush()    {        $this->memcached->flush();    }    /**     * Get the underlying Memcached connection.     *     * @return \Memcached     */    public function getMemcached()    {        return $this->memcached;    }    /**     * Get the cache key prefix.     *     * @return string     */    public function getPrefix()    {        return $this->prefix;    }    /**     * Set the cache key prefix.     *     * @param  string  $prefix     * @return void     */    public function setPrefix($prefix)    {        $this->prefix = ! empty($prefix) ? $prefix.':' : '';    }}
Copy after login

可以看到我们在构造函数中传入了Memcached实例,然后在此实例基础上具体实现接口所定义的方法,其他的实现类也是类似,这样通过Store接口,我们就将缓存代码和具体依赖解耦,方便后续扩展以及供其他人使用。比如这里我们定义一个 CacheStore 类:

<?phpnamespace App\Tests;use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Store;class CacheStore{    protected $store;    public function __construct(Store $store)    {        $this->store = $store;    }    public function get($key)    {        return $this->store->get($key);    }    public function put($key, $value, $minutes=1)      {        $this->store->put($key, $value, $minutes);    }    public function forget($key)    {        $this->store->forever($key);    }    public function flush()    {        $this->store->flush();    }}
Copy after login

然后我们可以在配置文件中配置使用的默认缓存驱动,比如Memcached,然后在代码中调用时这样使用:

$memcached = new \Memcached();$memcached->addServer('localhost',11211);$memcachedCache = new MemcachedStore($memcached);$cacheStore = new CacheStore($memcachedCache);$cacheStore->put('site','http://LaravelAcademy.org');dd($cacheStore->get('site'));
Copy after login

注:这里只是做简单演示,不要真的这么去使用Laravel提供的缓存功能,实际上Laravel底层对缓存处理要比我这里的演示代码优雅的多。

总之,使用接口编写的代码更灵活,能委托别人实现细节,使用接口后会有越来越多的人使用你的代码,因为他们只需要知道如何实现接口,就可以无缝地使用你的代码。实际上,我们在使用服务提供者和依赖注入时也是以这种面向接口编程为基础进行了更复杂的扩展而已。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

11 Best PHP URL Shortener Scripts (Free and Premium) 11 Best PHP URL Shortener Scripts (Free and Premium) Mar 03, 2025 am 10:49 AM

Long URLs, often cluttered with keywords and tracking parameters, can deter visitors. A URL shortening script offers a solution, creating concise links ideal for social media and other platforms. These scripts are valuable for individual websites a

Introduction to the Instagram API Introduction to the Instagram API Mar 02, 2025 am 09:32 AM

Following its high-profile acquisition by Facebook in 2012, Instagram adopted two sets of APIs for third-party use. These are the Instagram Graph API and the Instagram Basic Display API.As a developer building an app that requires information from a

Working with Flash Session Data in Laravel Working with Flash Session Data in Laravel Mar 12, 2025 pm 05:08 PM

Laravel simplifies handling temporary session data using its intuitive flash methods. This is perfect for displaying brief messages, alerts, or notifications within your application. Data persists only for the subsequent request by default: $request-

Build a React App With a Laravel Back End: Part 2, React Build a React App With a Laravel Back End: Part 2, React Mar 04, 2025 am 09:33 AM

This is the second and final part of the series on building a React application with a Laravel back-end. In the first part of the series, we created a RESTful API using Laravel for a basic product-listing application. In this tutorial, we will be dev

Simplified HTTP Response Mocking in Laravel Tests Simplified HTTP Response Mocking in Laravel Tests Mar 12, 2025 pm 05:09 PM

Laravel provides concise HTTP response simulation syntax, simplifying HTTP interaction testing. This approach significantly reduces code redundancy while making your test simulation more intuitive. The basic implementation provides a variety of response type shortcuts: use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http; Http::fake([ 'google.com' => 'Hello World', 'github.com' => ['foo' => 'bar'], 'forge.laravel.com' =>

cURL in PHP: How to Use the PHP cURL Extension in REST APIs cURL in PHP: How to Use the PHP cURL Extension in REST APIs Mar 14, 2025 am 11:42 AM

The PHP Client URL (cURL) extension is a powerful tool for developers, enabling seamless interaction with remote servers and REST APIs. By leveraging libcurl, a well-respected multi-protocol file transfer library, PHP cURL facilitates efficient execution of various network protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. This extension offers granular control over HTTP requests, supports multiple concurrent operations, and provides built-in security features.

12 Best PHP Chat Scripts on CodeCanyon 12 Best PHP Chat Scripts on CodeCanyon Mar 13, 2025 pm 12:08 PM

Do you want to provide real-time, instant solutions to your customers' most pressing problems? Live chat lets you have real-time conversations with customers and resolve their problems instantly. It allows you to provide faster service to your custom

Announcement of 2025 PHP Situation Survey Announcement of 2025 PHP Situation Survey Mar 03, 2025 pm 04:20 PM

The 2025 PHP Landscape Survey investigates current PHP development trends. It explores framework usage, deployment methods, and challenges, aiming to provide insights for developers and businesses. The survey anticipates growth in modern PHP versio

See all articles