PHP之单例模式
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作者:头条号 / 麦穗技术
链接: http://toutiao.com/i6282868901994824193/
来源:头条号(今日头条旗下创作平台)
如需转载请联系听云College团队成员阮小乙,邮箱:ruanqy#tingyun.com
单例模式属于创建型模式,何为创建型模式,即创建型模式抽象了实例化过程。他们帮助一个系统独立于如何创建、组合和表示他的那些对象。一个类创建型模式使用继承改变被实例化的类。而一个对象创建型模式将实例化委托给另一个对象
概述:保证一个类仅有一个实例,并提供一个访问它的全局访问点
使用前提:
1 构造函数需要标记为private(访问控制:防止外部代码使用new操作符创建对象),单例类不能在其他类中实例化,只能被其自身实例化。
2 拥有一个保存类的实例的静态成员变量
3 拥有一个访问这个实例的公共的静态方法(常用getInstance()方法进行实例化单例类,通过instanceof操作符可以检测到类是否已经被实例化)
4 需要创建__clone()方法防止对象被复制(克隆)
为什么要使用单例模式?
1 php的应用主要在于数据库应用,所以一个应用中会存在大量的数据库操作,使用单例模式,则可以避免大量的new操作消耗的资源
2 如果系统中需要有一个类来全局控制某些配置信息, 那么使用单例模式可以很方便的实现. Config
3 在一次页面请求中, 便于进行调试, 因为所有的代码(例如数据库操作类db)都集中在一个类中, 我们可以在类中设置钩子, 输出日志,从而避免到处var_dump, echo。
代码实例
try{$singleObj = \haibao\design\web\common\design\single\Single::getInstance();//$singleObj1 = clone $singleObj;echo $singleObj->getData();}catch (\Exception $e){echo $e->getMessage();exit;}<?phpnamespace haibao\design\web\common\design\single;class Single{public static $_instance;private function __construct(){}public function __clone(){trigger_error('Clone is not allow!',E_USER_ERROR);}public static function getInstance(){if(!(self::$_instance instanceof self)){self::$_instance = new self;}return self::$_instance;}public function getData(){return "<br/>".rand(1,100)."<br/>";}}
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