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PHPUnit 在 Windows 下的配置及使用教程_PHP教程_编程技术

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Release： 2016-06-20 12:33:09
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由于我们项目涉及到php，因此需要对php代码进行单元测试。经过一番了解，决定用PHPUnit来测试php。PHPUnit花了不少时间摸索如何配置PHPUnit，看官网的文档也是一把泪。但知道怎么配置后，其实还是很简单的。

  • 系统：Windows 10 专业版

  • PHP版本：PHP 5.5.12

  • 服务器工具：WAMPSERVER 2.5

  • PHPUnit版本：PHPUnit 4.8

一、配置PHPUnit

首先到PHPUnit官网（点此进入）下载相应的版本。我们使用的是php 5.5，于是选择PHPUnit 4.8。得到 .phar 文件，并把名字改为 phpunit.phar 。

把该文件放到任意位置。以我自己为例，我把它放到我们项目的目录下，即D:\repository\CourseManagement\mobile_api_test 。

右键 我的电脑 ，选择 属性 。点击左侧的 高级系统设置 。此时弹出 系统属性 ，选择 高级 选项卡，点击右下角的 环境变量 。 在用户变量里面，双击 PATH ，在 变量值 后面添加;D:\repository\CourseManagement\mobile_api_test （注意最前面的分号，路径填存放phpunit.phar的路径）。配置这个是为了在任意位置都能使用PHPUnit，不配置的话，需要在phpunit.phar的路径下才能使用PHPUnit。

官方文档里有一点没有提到，就是php的环境变量也要设置。比如我的 php.exe 在E:\software\wamp\bin\php\php5.5.12 里，那么也要在 PATH 后面添加;E:\software\wamp\bin\php\php5.5.12 。PS：可能是因为我没有安装PHP的IDE，所以一直没有配置它，偶然之间才想到可能要添加这个环境变量。

按快捷键 Win + R ，输入cmd并回车。进入存放phpunit.phar的路径。输入 echo @php "%~dp0phpunit.phar" %* > phpunit.cmd 并回车。接着输入 phpunit --version 并回车。如果得到输出 PHPUnit x.y.z by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. 则表示配置好了（如果有误，输入exit 并回车，重新来一遍）。如下图：

二、使用PHPUnit进行测试

使用PHPUnit，必须使用 类 。以login.php为例（位置在D:\repository\CourseManagement\mobile_api ），我们的初始版本是这样的（欢迎吐槽本博客内的代码）：

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span><php></php></span></span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    <span class="func">error_reporting</span><span>(0); </span></span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    <span class="vars">$workNumber</span><span> = </span><span class="vars">$_POST</span><span>[</span><span class="string">"login-user"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li><span>    <span class="vars">$password</span><span> = </span><span class="vars">$_POST</span><span>[</span><span class="string">"login-password"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    <span class="vars">$tableName</span><span> = </span><span class="vars">$_POST</span><span>[</span><span class="string">"ident"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    <span class="vars">$con</span><span> = mysqli_connect(</span><span class="string">"localhost"</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"root"</span><span>, </span><span class="string">""</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"teacher_class_system"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li><span>    <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (!</span><span class="vars">$con</span><span>) { </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        <span class="keyword">die</span><span>(</span><span class="string">'Could not connect: '</span><span> . mysql_error()); </span></span></li>
<li><span>    } <span class="keyword">else</span><span> { </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        mysqli_query(<span class="vars">$con</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"SET NAMES utf8"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        <span class="vars">$result</span><span> = mysqli_query(</span><span class="vars">$con</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"SELECT * FROM $tableName where workNumber = $workNumber and password = $password"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li><span>        <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (mysqli_num_rows(</span><span class="vars">$result</span><span>) </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>                <span class="func">echo</span><span> </span><span class="string">"false"</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li><span>        } <span class="keyword">else</span><span> { </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>                <span class="vars">$result_arr</span><span> = mysqli_fetch_assoc(</span><span class="vars">$result</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li><span>                <span class="func">echo</span><span> json_encode(</span><span class="vars">$result_arr</span><span>, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        } </span></li>
<li><span>    } </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>    > </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

这样没法测试，于是进行一翻修改。首先在 login.php 所在文件夹里建立一个文件夹 classes，并在里面新建 class_login.php ，内容为 login.php 修改后的版本：

<ol class="dp-j">
<li class="alt"><span><span><php></php></span></span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>   <span class="keyword">class</span><span> Login { </span></span></li>
<li><span>       <span class="comment">// 测试工具PHPUnit要求一定要在这里给变量默认值，于是默认为空。</span><span> </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>       <span class="keyword">public</span><span> function login($workNumber = </span><span class="string">""</span><span>,$password = </span><span class="string">""</span><span>,$tableName = </span><span class="string">""</span><span>) {        </span></span></li>
<li><span>           $con = mysqli_connect(<span class="string">"localhost"</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"root"</span><span>, </span><span class="string">""</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"teacher_class_system"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>           <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (!$con) { </span></span></li>
<li><span>               die(<span class="string">'Could not connect: '</span><span> . mysqli_error()); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>           } <span class="keyword">else</span><span> { </span></span></li>
<li><span>               mysqli_query($con, <span class="string">"SET NAMES utf8"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>               $result = mysqli_query($con, <span class="string">"SELECT * FROM $tableName where workNumber = $workNumber and password = $password"</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>               <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (!$result  mysqli_num_rows($result) == </span><span class="number">0</span><span>) { </span></span></li>
<li><span>                   <span class="keyword">return</span><span> </span><span class="string">"false"</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>               } <span class="keyword">else</span><span> { </span></span></li>
<li><span>                   $result_arr = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result); </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>                   <span class="keyword">return</span><span> json_encode($result_arr, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE); </span></span></li>
<li><span>               } </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>           } </span></li>
<li><span>       } </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>   } </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>   > </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

除此之外，也要修改原来那个 login.php 的内容，修改后如下：

<ol class="dp-j">
<li class="alt"><span><span><php></php></span></span></li>
<li><span>  error_reporting(<span class="number">0</span><span>); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  require_once <span class="string">'./classes/class_login.php'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  $workNumber = $_POST[<span class="string">"login-user"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>  $password = $_POST[<span class="string">"login-password"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li><span>  $tableName = $_POST[<span class="string">"ident"</span><span>]; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  $log = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> Login; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>  $response = $log->login($workNumber,$password,$tableName); </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>  <span class="keyword">if</span><span>($response != </span><span class="string">"false"</span><span>) { </span></span></li>
<li><span>      session_start(); </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>      $_SESSION[<span class="string">'id'</span><span>]=$tableName; </span></span></li>
<li><span>  } </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  echo $response; </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  > </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

开始写测试文件

我把测试文件放在 D:\repository\CourseManagement\mobile_api_test 这个文件夹内。新建一个文件 `login_test.php’ ，并写入以下代码：

<ol class="dp-j">
<li class="alt"><span><span><php></php></span></span></li>
<li><span>  require_once dirname(__FILE__).<span class="string">'/../mobile_api/classes/class_login.php'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  <span class="keyword">class</span><span> LoginTest </span><span class="keyword">extends</span><span> PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>      <span class="keyword">public</span><span> function testLoginSuccess() { </span></span></li>
<li><span>          $expected = <span class="string">'{"workNumber":"00001","password":"00001","name":"西瓜","sex":"男","birthday":"20151201","department":"计算机","telephone":"110","email":"git@github.com"}'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>          $workNumber = <span class="string">'00001'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>          $password = <span class="string">'00001'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li><span>          $tableName = <span class="string">'user_teacher'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>          $lg = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> Login; </span></span></li>
<li><span>          $actual = $lg->login($workNumber,$password,$tableName); </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>          $<span class="keyword">this</span><span>->assertEquals($expected,$actual); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>      } </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>      function testLoginFail() { </span></li>
<li><span>          $expected = <span class="string">'false'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>          $workNumber = <span class="string">'11111'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>          $password = <span class="string">'11111'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li><span>          $tableName = <span class="string">'user_teacher'</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>          $lg = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> Login; </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>          $actual = $lg->login($workNumber,$password,$tableName); </span></li>
<li><span>          $<span class="keyword">this</span><span>->assertEquals($expected,$actual); </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>      } </span></li>
<li><span>  } </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>  > </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

执行测试文件

快捷键 Win + R ，输入cmd并回车。进入该测试文件的目录，输入 phpunit login_test.php 执行测试。

简单的测试就完成了。

三、摸索过程

一开始下载PHPUnit，得到 .phar 文件，以为要解压，囧。找了半天才发现有一个能够解压这种文件的网站（点此进入）。然而并没有什么用……

照着官方文档来做，运行时出现错误：

‘php’ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

Google搜索，必应搜索，StackOverFlow搜索，百度搜索，搜到的答案都没有用。

主要是因为他们都默认你已经配置好了PHP环境变量……

最后想着是不是之前生成的 phpunit.cmd 有问题？于是查看一下这个文件的内容。突然想到是不是PHP环境变量没设置的原因？打开cmd，输入 php --version 。得到：

‘php’ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

和上面的错误一样！果然是这里的问题。于是把 ;E:\software\wamp\bin\php\php5.5.12 添加到环境变量中。再运行 php --version 得到：

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span>PHP 5.5.12 (cli) (built: Apr 30 2014 11:20:58) </span></span></li>
<li><span>Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies </span></li>
<li><span>with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

再进入 phpunit.cmd 所在文件夹，运行 phpunit --version。得到：

PHPUnit 4.8.18 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

问题解决！

经过这次的探索，以后碰到”找不到xxx”这种问题的时候，首先会想起环境变量的设置。

比如解决这个问题的同一天下午，我想使用Visual Studio Code的Git功能，但是却得到提示：

第一个反应是：我明明安装了msysgit啊。

第二个反应是：会不会是环境变量没配置？打开环境变量配置，果然没有。于是将 git.exe 所在文件夹的路径添加进去。重启visual Studio Code，问题解决！

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