分布式任务分发框架Gearman教程和PHP实现实例
来自: http://blog.csdn.net//clh604/article/details/19706827
1、Gearman介绍和使用场景
Gearman是一个分发任务的程序框架,可以用在各种场合,与Hadoop相 比,Gearman更偏向于任务分发功能。它的任务分布非常简单,简单得可以只需要用脚本即可完成。Gearman最初用于LiveJournal的图片 resize功能,由于图片resize需要消耗大量计算资源,因此需要调度到后端多台服务器执行,完成任务之后返回前端再呈现到界面。
通常,多语言多系统之间的集成是个大问题,一般来说,人们多半会采用WebService的方式来处理此类集成问题,但不管采用何种风格的WebService,如RPC风格,或者REST风格,其本身都有一定的复杂性。相比之下,Gearman也能实现类似的作用,而且更简单易用。
一个Gearman请求的处理过程涉及三个角色:Client -> Job -> Worker。
Client:请求的发起者,可以是C,PHP,Perl,MySQL UDF等等。
Job:请求的调度者,用来负责协调把Client发出的请求转发给合适的Work。
Worker:请求的处理者,可以是C,PHP,Perl等等。
因为Client,Worker并不限制用一样的语言,所以有利于多语言多系统之间的集成。
甚至我们通过增加更多的Worker,可以很方便的实现应用程序的分布式负载均衡架构。
2、Gearman job分发服务端安装
安装Gearman server and library:
wget http://launchpad.net/gearmand/trunk/0.8/+download/gearmand-0.8.tar.gz
tar zxf gearmand-0.8.tar.gz
cd gearmand-0.8
./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
中间可能会遇到些问题:
在./configure的时候,可能会出现缺少libraries的情况,一般是缺少libevent和uuid这两个开发包,安装之。。。
sudo apt-get install libevent-dev
sudo apt-get install uuid-dev
安装完成后再重新配置安装,安装完成后执行
sudo ldconfig
3、Gearman Client和Worker端PHP实现实例
安装Gearman PHP extension:
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/gearman-0.4.0.tgz
tar zxf gearman-0.4.0.tgz
cd gearman-0.4.0
phpize
./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
中间可能遇到的问题:
找不到phpize命令,phpize在php开发包中,所以要先安装php5-dev
sudo apt-get install php5-dev
安装完后,就可以在源码目录中执行phpize生成相关安装配置信息,接着执行后面的./configure等
make install后,它告诉你一个目录,生成的gearman.so就在那里。
根据需要考到相应PHP的扩展目录里(因为我直接用系统默认安装的php,它自动生成就在扩展中)
接下来修改php.ini以使php加载该模块:
php --ini
看下php.ini在哪里,sudo vim 修改之,在其中加入
extension = "gearman.so"
然后,开始编写client和worker端
client.php
[php] view plain copy
worker.php
[php] view plain copy
//Gearman 状态错误 需要做日志或异常处理
}
准备工作已经完毕,试验开始
1、启动job
gearmand -d
2、启动worker
php -c /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini worker.php
3、启动client(新开终端中打开)
php -c /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini client.php
屏幕显示字符串的长度 “5”
这里,有几点需要说明一下:
1、这里直接用php cli方式运行,添加-c参数是为了加载php.ini配置文件,以加载gearman扩展
2、worker应该做成守护进程(CLI模式),可以开启多个,这样client发起的任务就会分发到各个worker分别来执行(自动负载均衡 )
这个例子由于太过简单,即使开启多个worker也无法看出效果,不过可以通过终止其中一个,可以看出系统自动切换到其他worker继续正常执行
3、同理,client也是可以开启多个的(模型请参考之前的那边日志)
4、同时,job也可以开启多个,以避免单点故障

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