前端学PHP之运算符
定义
运算符即做运算的标识符号。PHP运算符一般分为算术运算符、赋值运算符、比较运算符、三元运算符、逻辑运算符、字符串连接运算符、错误控制运算符、递增递减运算符和数组运算符
算术运算符
+(加法) $x + $y-(减法) $x - $y*(乘法) $x * $y/(除法) $x / $y%(求模) $x % $y
赋值运算符
PHP的赋值运算符有两种,分别是直接赋值"="和引用赋值"&"
[1]直接赋值
直接赋值"="把右边表达式的值赋给左边的运算数。它将右边表达式值复制一份,交给左边运算数。换言之,首先给左边运算数申请一块内存,然后把复制的值放到这块内存中
x = yx += yx -= yx *= yx /= yx %= y
[2]引用赋值
引用赋值&意味着两个变量都指向同一个数据。它将使两个变量共享一块内存,如果这个内存存储的数据变了,那么两个变量的值都会发生变化
<?php $a = "测试内容1"; $b = $a; $c = &$a; $a = "测试内容2"; echo $b."<br />";//测试内容1 echo $c."<br />";//测试内容2?>
比较运算符
比较运算符主要用来进行比较运算
== 等于 === 全等!= 不等<> 不等!== 不全等> 大于< 小于>= 大于等于<= 小于等于
<?php $a = 1; $b = "1"; var_dump($a == $b); echo "<br />";//bool(true) var_dump($a === $b); echo "<br />";//bool(false) var_dump($a != $b); echo "<br />";//bool(false) var_dump($a <> $b); echo "<br />";//bool(false) var_dump($a !== $b); echo "<br />";//bool(true) var_dump($a < $b); echo "<br />";//bool(false)?>
三元运算符
"?:"三元运算符是一个比较运算符,对于表达式(expr1)?(expr2):(expr3),如果expr1的值为true,则此表达式的值为expr2,否则为expr3
<?php $a = 78;//成绩 $b = $a >=60?"及格":"不及格"; echo $b;//及格?>
逻辑运算符
逻辑运算符主要是进行逻辑运算
and 与or 或xor 异或&& 与|| 或! 非
<?php $a = TRUE; //A同意 $b = TRUE; //B同意 $c = FALSE; //C反对 $d = FALSE; //D反对 echo ($a and $b);//1 echo "<br />"; echo ($a or $c);//1 echo "<br />"; echo($a xor $c xor $d);//1 echo "<br />"; echo(!$c ? "通过" :"不通过");//通过 echo "<br />"; echo($a && $d ? "通过":"不通过");//不通过 echo "<br />"; echo ($b || $c || $d ? "通过":"不通过");//通过?>
字符串运算符
字符串连接运算符是为了将两个字符串进行连接
[1]连接运算符(.)
<?php $a = 'hello'; $b = $a . ' world!'; //hello world! echo $b;?>
[2]连接赋值运算符(.=)
<?php $x = 'hello'; $x .= ' world!'; //hello world! echo $x;?>
错误控制运算符
PHP提供了一个错误控制运算符@,对于一些可能会有运行过程中出错的表达式,不希望出错时显示错误信息时,将@放置在一个PHP表达式之前。如果激活了track_error特性,表达式产生的任何错误信息都被存放在变量$php_errormsg中,此变量在每次出错时都会被覆盖
[注意]错误控制前缀@不会屏蔽解析错误的信息,不能把它放在函数或类的定义之前,也不能用于条件结构如if和foreach等
<?php$a = 1;echo @ $a;//1$b;echo @ $b;//不报错?>
递增/递减运算符
++$x 前递增$x++ 后递增--$x 前递减$x-- 后递减
<?php$x=10; echo ++$x; // 输出 11$y=10; echo $y++; // 输出 10$z=5;echo --$z; // 输出 4$i=5;echo $i--; // 输出 5?>
数组运算符
用于比较数组
+ 联合== 相等=== 全等!= 不相等<> 不相等!== 不全等
<?php$x = array("a" => "red", "b" => "green"); $y = array("c" => "blue", "d" => "yellow"); $z = $x + $y; var_dump($z);//array(4) { ["a"]=> string(3) "red" ["b"]=> string(5) "green" ["c"]=> string(4) "blue" ["d"]=> string(6) "yellow" } echo "<br>";var_dump($x == $y);//bool(false)echo "<br>";var_dump($x === $y);//bool(false)echo "<br>";var_dump($x != $y);//bool(true)echo "<br>";var_dump($x <> $y);//bool(true)echo "<br>";var_dump($x !== $y);//bool(true)?>

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