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php设计模式的六大原则(六):迪米特法则

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:44 PM

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<?phpclass Teacher { //老师对学生发布命令,清一下女生   public function commond(GroupLeader $groupLeader){      //初始化女生     for($i=0; $i<20; $i++){          $listGirls[] = new Girl();      }       //告诉体育委员开始执行清查任务        $groupLeader -> countGirls($listGirls);  }}class GroupLeader {   //有清查女生的工作  public function countGirls($listGirls = array()){       echo '女生的数量是:' . sizeof($listGirls);    }}class Girl {}class Client {   public static function doing() {        $teacher= new Teacher();        //老师发布命令        $teacher -> commond(new GroupLeader());  }}Client :: doing();class Teacher { public function commond(GroupLeader $groupLeader){      //告诉体育委员开始执行清查任务        $groupLeader -> countGirls();    }}class GroupLeader {   private $_listGirls = array();  //传递全班的女生   public function __construct($listGirls){        $this -> _listGirls = $listGirls;    }   //有清查女生的工作  public function countGirls(){       echo "女生数量是:" . sizeof($this -> _listGirls); }   }class Girl {}class Client {    public static function doing() {            //初始化女生     for($i=0; $i<20; $i++){          $listGirls[] = new Girl();      }           $teacher= new Teacher();        //老师发布命令        $teacher -> commond(new GroupLeader($listGirls));    }}Client :: doing();

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一个对象应该对其他对象了解最少。

迪米特法则的核心就是降低类键的耦合,从而提高类的复用性。

具体体现:

① 在类的划分上,应该创建有弱耦合的类;
② 在类的结构设计上,每一个类都应当尽量降低成员的访问权限;
③ 在类的设计上,只要有可能,一个类应当设计成不变类;
④ 在对其他类的引用上,一个对象对其它对象的引用应当降到最低;
⑤ 尽量降低类的访问权限;
⑥ 谨慎使用序列化功能(类或接口在客户端变更,却未在服务端同步更新,引发序列化失败,,项目管理易疏忽);
⑦ 不要暴露类成员,而应该提供相应的访问器(属性)。

迪米特法则主要运用在观察者模式和中介者模式中

迪米特法则的缺点:

1、遵循类之间的迪米特法则会使一个系统的局部设计简化,因为每个局部都不会与远距离的对象有直接的关联;但也会造成不同模块之间的通信效率降低,会使系统的不同模块之间不容易协调。

2、在系统中造出大量的小方法,散落在系统的各个角落。这些方法仅传递间接的调用,与系统的商务逻辑无关。


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