php SQL 防注入的一些经验
原文 http://www.cnblogs.com/liuzhang/p/4753467.html
产生原因
一方面自己没这方面的意识,有些数据没有经过严格的验证,然后直接拼接 SQL 去查询。导致漏洞产生,比如:
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因为没有对 $_GET['id'] 做数据类型验证,注入者可提交任何类型的数据,比如 " and 1= 1 or " 等不安全的数据。如果按照下面方式写,就安全一些。
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把 id 转换成 int 类型,就可以去掉不安全的东西。
验证数据
防止注入的第一步就是验证数据,可以根据相应类型进行严格的验证。比如 int 类型直接同过 intval 进行转换就行:
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字符处理起来比较复杂些,首先通过 sprintf 函数格式话输出,确保它是一个字符串。然后通过一些安全函数去掉一些不合法的字符,比如:
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这样处理以后会比较安全。当然还可以进一步去判断字符串长度,去防止「 缓冲区溢出攻击 」比如:
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参数化绑定
参数化绑定,防止 SQL 注入的又一道屏障。php MySQLi 和 PDO 均提供这样的功能。比如 MySQLi 可以这样去查询:
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PDO 的更是方便,比如:
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我们多数使用 php 的框架进行编程,所以最好不要自己拼写 SQL,按照框架给定参数绑定进行查询。遇到较为复杂的 SQL 语句,一定要自己拼写的时候,一定要注意严格的判断。没有用 PDO 或者 MySQLi 也可以自己写个 prepared,比如 wordprss db 查询语句,可以看出也是经过严格的类型验证。
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总结
安全性很重要,也可以看出一个人基本功,项目漏洞百出,扩展性和可维护性再好也没有用。平时多留意,树立安全意识,养成一种习惯,一些基本的安全当然也不会占用用 coding 的时间。养成这个习惯,即便在项目急,时间短的情况一下,依然可以做的质量很高。不要等到自己以后负责的东西,数据库都被拿走了,造成损失才重视。共勉!

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