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使用PHP导入和导出CSV文件

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:57 PM

项目开发中,很多时候要将外部CSV文件导入到数据库中或者将数据导出为CSV文件,那么具体该如何实现呢?本文将使用PHP并结合mysql,实现了CSV格式数据的导入和导出功能。

我们先准备mysql数据表,假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student,并有id,name,sex,age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息。

CREATE TABLE `student` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,  `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL,  `age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0',  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
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我们还需要一个html交互页面,放置导入表单和导出按钮。

<form id="addform" action="do.php?action=import" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    <p>请选择要导入的CSV文件:<br/><input type="file" name="file"> <input type="submit"	class="btn" value="导入CSV">    <input type="button" class="btn" value="导出CSV" onclick="window.location.href='do.php?	action=export'"></p></form>
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选择好本地csv文件后,点击导入,提交到do.php?action=import处理,而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理。

1.导入CSV

do.php需要根据get过来的参数,分别处理导入和导出过程,php结构如下:

include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库$action = $_GET['action'];if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV   //导入处理} elseif ($action=='export') { //导出CSV   //导出处理}
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导入CSV处理流程:校验csv文件合法性(本文忽略)->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成。

if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV	$filename = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];	if (empty ($filename)) {		echo '请选择要导入的CSV文件!';		exit;	}	$handle = fopen($filename, 'r');	$result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv	$len_result = count($result);	if($len_result==0){		echo '没有任何数据!';		exit;	}	for ($i = 1; $i < $len_result; $i++) { //循环获取各字段值		$name = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][0]); //中文转码		$sex = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][1]);		$age = $result[$i][2];		$data_values .= "('$name','$sex','$age'),";	}	$data_values = substr($data_values,0,-1); //去掉最后一个逗号	fclose($handle); //关闭指针	$query = mysql_query("insert into student (name,sex,age) values $data_values");//批量插入数据表中	if($query){		echo '导入成功!';	}else{		echo '导入失败!';	}}
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注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv,使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段。下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回。

function input_csv($handle) {	$out = array ();	$n = 0;	while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000)) {		$num = count($data);		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {			$out[$n][$i] = $data[$i];		}		$n++;	}	return $out;}
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此外在导入到数据库中时,我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的,因此在构建SQL语句时,要稍作处理,见代码。

2.导出CSV

我们知道csv文件是由逗号分割符组成的纯文本文件,你可以用excel打开,效果跟xls表个一样。

导出CSV处理流程:读取学生信息表->循环记录构建逗号分隔的字段信息->设置header信息->导出文件(下载)到本地

...} elseif ($action=='export') { //导出CSV    $result = mysql_query("select * from student order by id asc");    $str = "姓名,性别,年龄\n";    $str = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$str);    while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result)){        $name = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['name']); //中文转码        $sex = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['sex']);    	$str .= $name.",".$sex.",".$row['age']."\n"; //用引文逗号分开    }    $filename = date('Ymd').'.csv'; //设置文件名    export_csv($filename,$str); //导出}
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要将数据导出到本地即下在,需要修改header信息,代码如下:

function export_csv($filename,$data) {    header("Content-type:text/csv");    header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=".$filename);    header('Cache-Control:must-revalidate,post-check=0,pre-check=0');    header('Expires:0');    header('Pragma:public');    echo $data;}
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注意导入和导出的过程中,因为我们使用的是统一UTF-8编码,遇到中文字符一定要记得转码,否则可能会出现中文乱码的情况。

 
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