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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 关于分表的问题

关于分表的问题

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:59 PM

我现在数据库中有三个表单数据都超过了500万数据,其中有个表超过1000千万,现在查询速度越来越慢

请教高手以下几个问题

1.将超过100万的表就进行分表.

2.如果B数据表拆分100万的表有十个,那么A表中的ID在B表有5条数据,保存在B数据表拆分的10个表中(问题出来了,在读取数据时,不可能去读去B表中所有的表,这5条数据可能放在拆分的第5与第6个表中,如果这样我们只里要读取B表的第5个表与第6个表就行了。前提是我们根本不知道数据在那)。


回复讨论(解决方案)

关注下,最多碰过200W的数据,加索引后很见效,想了解下经过优化的单表数据上限最好是多少条

如果是普通的查询语句几百万条加了索引查询速度没问题的,但连表或子查询就比较慢了

横向分表 需要知道目标ID的位置,不然会起反作用效率更慢。
看看能不能按你的外键算法进行分表

分表是有条件的,并非简单的按记录顺序切断
比如你的 A 和 B 是按 id 关联的,那么 B 就要按 A.id 拆分
这样在已知 A.id 的情况下,按拆分规则就可推算出相关的记录会出现在哪些 Bn 中

如果你的表间存在多对多的关系,那么分表就没有意义了
此时应使用过渡表保存关联关系,查询时要分两步走,而不是一次关联所有表
由于过渡表一般只有2列,虽然记录数很多,但一次性加载到内存的可能性很大(就算是需要多次加载,但每次可加载的记录数也很多)

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