PHP代码规范的10个好习惯
PHP代码规范的10个好习惯
PHP被称为 dirty but quick 的编程语言。尽管在其它编程语言使用者看来，PHP 程序并不简洁美观，但是我们可以通过一些优秀的编程习惯，也能让PHP的代码看起来比较舒服优雅。有哪些方法呢？下面逐一说下。
1. 规划代码结构
优秀的PHP代码应该有清晰的结构。PHP面向对象的特性允许程序员将应用程序分解为函数或方法。如果代码晦涩难懂，你也可以添加注释，使代码的功能一目了然。编码时应尽量将前端代码（HTML/CSS/JavaScript）与应用程序的服务端规则分开，或者你可以使用遵循MVC模式的PHP框架来构建你的应用程序。
2. 编码风格统一
优秀的PHP代码应该具备统一的风格。比如，为变量和函数制定统一的命名规则，为循环任务（比如数据库存取、错误处理）制定统一的接入标准，或者保持有规律的代码缩进，这些编码习惯都可以让别人阅读代码更加轻松。
3. 可移植性
优秀的PHP代码应该具有可移植性。程序员应学会运用PHP现有的特性（比如魔术引号和短标签等），应该了解产品需求，适应PHP的特点，保证写出的PHP代码具有可移植性和跨平台性。
4. 代码安全性
优秀的PHP代码应该具有安全性。PHP5具有卓越的特性和灵活性，但应用程序的安全往往掌握在程序员的手中。作为专业的PHP开发人员，应该对安全漏洞有一些深入了解，常见的安全漏洞有跨站脚本攻击（XSS）、跨站请求伪造（CSRF）、代码注入漏洞和字符编码漏洞等。使用PHP中的特定功能和函数（比如mysql_real_escape_string等）可以帮助程序员写出安全的代码。
5. 添加注释
代码注释是代码中的重要组成部分，它解释了函数运行的目的，这种注释会在代码以后的维护中提供非常有用的帮助。
6. 避免简写标记
应使用完整的起始标记，不推荐使用简写的起始标记。
7. 用单引号代替双引号
由于PHP会对双引号中的内容进行变量搜索，为了避免这种搜索带来的性能影响，程序员应该使用单引号引用字符串。
8. 转义输出
应该在htmlspecialchars函数中使用ENT_QUOTES参数，保证单引号（'）也可以被转义。尽管没有规定必须这样做，但这是一个好习惯。
9. 使用逗号隔开字符串输出
字符串连接符（.）可以将单一的字符串传递给echo语句进行输出，与之相比，逗号可以实现echo语句中字符串的分别输出，这对PHP来说是一个性能改善。
10. 在输出前检查传递值
应该记得在输出前检查$_GET['query'] 的传递值。使用isset函数或是empty函数可以检查变量值是否为空。
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