PHP比你想象的好得多
PHP比你想象的好得多
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有很多对于PHP的抱怨,甚至这些抱怨也出自很多聪明的人。当Jeff Atwood写下对于PHP的另一篇抱怨文章之后,我思考了下PHP的好的方面。
这些抱怨最大的问题是他们出自很多仍在使用旧版本PHP的人。他们或许是不愿意关心或许是不愿意承认PHP不管在语言层面还是在社区层面都在以很快的速度演变。实际上它比任何其他语言或者web平台都演变的快。尽管并不总是如此,但是过去的五年PHP经历了一个惊人的历程。
在说最近PHP社区取得的惊人成就之前,我们先来看看一些有趣的数字:PHP被77.9%的服务端编程语言已知的网站使用。Wordpress被全世界16.6%的网站使用。使用率最高的三个CMS建站系统是:第一的Wordpress份额为54.3%,第二的Joomla份额为9.2%,第三的 Drupal份额为6.8%。这三个产品都是用PHP写的。
PHP一定做了一些正确的事,不是吗?
现在,我来告诉你吧,PHP的绝技在于:尽管经过了这么多年的变化,PHP对于非技术人员依然是最容易学习的语言,它让人可以比其他技术更快地建立动态网站,也让人没有麻烦地托管网站。PHP可能不是这个世界上设计最好的语言,但是它能让你完成事情(get things done),这一点是毋庸置疑的。
PHP语言
PHP5.0(2004年发布)带来了很实用的对象模型…等等,我在说8年前发布的东西。快进到现在的PHP5.4,即PHP最近的版本,带来了对于现代web语言你梦寐以求的东西:是的,PHP支持了命名空间(namespaces);是的,PHP支持闭包(closure);是的,PHP支持 traits。
尽管需要花费一些时间,但是PHP5.4带来了一些语法糖使得整体体验比以往更好:是的,PHP支持用[ ]定义数组;是的,PHP支持新创建的对象这样调用函数:(new Foo())->bar();是的,PHP支持数组这样获取元素:$foo->bar()[1]。
PHP甚至向它自己曾犯过的错误学习:register_globals 和 magic_quotes被彻底删除了。
PHP有了内置web服务器以方便本地测试,它能以微秒级的速度启动。
接下来的挑战:我们怎样更新在网络上的讲解PHP的教程?在PHP程序中最好的支持WebSocket的技术是什么?
PHP生态系统
拥有一个好的语言是很好的,但是拥有一个好的生态系统更棒。在过去的几年PHP生态系统演变了很多。
Git
对于Git我不想讨论太多,Git被到处使用,PHP很快拥抱了Git。几乎所有PHP类库、框架和产品都在使用Git,包括PHP本身。
Composer
两年前,我想去掉我在symfony 1中hack的丑陋PEAR代码以支持插件。我想替换成能管理项目依赖的东西,而不是一个像PEAR一样的整体的安装,所以我试着寻找能管理软件依赖的最佳的算法。我几乎尝试了所有可能:从Perl到Ruby,从Debian到Redhat。结果没有让我满意的,只有我自己的解决方案恰巧能工作…当然这只是我的经验只谈。之后我偶然发现了ZYpp,就是它了。ZYpp使用布尔可满足性问题解来管理依赖。多亏了Nils Adermann和Jordi Boggiano的辛苦工作,PHP现在有了做好的管理依赖的工具–Composer。
是的,PHP比其他语言有了更好的依赖管理工具。
由于有了Git,Composer,和PHP内置web服务器,我们更容易下载/测试/安装一个PHP项目。
想测试Symfony(使用PHP5.4)?
$ composer.phar create-project symfony/framework-standard-edition
$ cd framework-standard-edition
$ ./app/console server:run
想测试Silex?
$ composer.phar create-project fabpot/silex-skeleton
$ cd silex-skeleton
$ php -S localhost:8888 -t web/
还不知道Composer?你应该了解下它了。
浏览下主要的Composer仓库Packagist,它已经拥有1900多个包,且它们在不到三个月的时间里被安装了上百万次。
接下来的挑战:在下一个PHP版本里内置Composer?
合作
社区合作是本文说的重点,也是我最引以为豪的地方。我们开始看到PHP项目中更好的合作,甚至大项目也是如此,大到你可以忽略其他项目了。
phpBB,Drupal,ez Publish,Symfony,和很多其他项目(比如phpDocumentor, PHPUnit, Behat, Zikula, Propel, Doctrine, Midgard等等)都在共享代码。是的,他们彼此是竞争者,但是他们都理解彼此合作是很重要的。Composer能很好地促进这种合作。
接下来的挑战:说服更多的项目加入这个趋势中来。
结论
让我再重申一次,PHP可能不是最好的编程语言,我也是第一个说出它的怪处的,但是PHP是迄今为止最好的web平台。

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