PHP对变量进行序列化和反序列化的方法
序列化是将变量转换为可保存或传输的字符串的过程;反序列化就是在适当的时候把这个字符串再转化成原来的变量使用。
这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据,使程序更具维护性。
1. serialize和unserialize函数,这两个是序列化和反序列化PHP中数据的常用函数。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=serialize($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:a:3:{s:1:"a";s:5:"Apple";s:1:"b";s:6:"banana";s:1:"c";s:7:"Coconut";}
//反序列化
$o=unserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果:
array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut')
但是当数组值包含如双引号、单引号或冒号等字符时,它们被反序列化后,可能会出现问题。
为了克服这个问题,一个巧妙的技巧是使用base64_encode和base64_decode函数。
$obj=array();
//序列化$s=base64_encode(serialize($obj));
//反序列化
$original=unserialize(base64_decode($s)); 这样也并不是一个非常完美的解决办法,因为base64编码将增加字符串的长度。为了克服这个问题,可以和gzcompress一起使用,如下。
//定义一个用来序列化对象的函数
function my_serialize($obj){return base64_encode(gzcompress(serialize($obj)));
}
//反序列化
function my_unserialize($txt){
return unserialize(gzuncompress(base64_decode($txt)));
}
2. 使用JSON格式序列化和反序列化是一个不错的选择,即 json_encode 和 json_decode使用json_encode和json_decode格式输出要serialize和unserialize格式快的多。
JSON格式是可读的,它比serialize返回数据结果小。而且JSON格式是开放的、可移植的。其他语言也可以使用它,具体使用案例如下:
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=json_encode($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:{"a":"Apple","b":"banana","c":"Coconut"}
//反序列化
$o=json_decode($s); 在上面的例子中,json_encode 输出长度比上个例子中 serialize 输出长度显然要短。
3. var_export 和 eval 方法,var_export 函数把变量作为一个字符串输出;eval把字符串当成PHP代码来执行,反序列化得到最初变量的内容。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=var_export($a,true);
echo $s;
//输出结果:array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut')
//反序列化
eval('$my_var='.$s.';');
print_r($my_var);
4. wddx_serialize_value 和 wddx deserialize 方法,wddx_serialize_value 函数可以序列化数组变量,并以XML字符串形式输出。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=wddx_serialize_value($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果(查看输出字符串的源码):ApplebananaCoconut
//反序列化
$o=wddx_deserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果:Array([a]=>Apple[b]=>banana 1=>Coconut)
可以看出,XML标签字符较多,导致这种格式的序列化还是占了很多空间。
结论:上述所有的函数在序列化数组变量时都能正常执行,但运用到对象就不同了。
例如json_encode序列化对象就会失败。反序列化对象时,unserialize和eval将有不同的效果。

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