[CSS] 双飞翼布局和圣杯布局_html/css_WEB-ITnose
前言
在使用 CSS 进行布局的时候，我们通常会用到 div 布局和 float padding margin position 之类的CSS属性，使用不同的组合可以得出很多的布局方案。本篇介绍的是三栏布局方案中的双飞翼布局和圣杯布局，它们解决的问题是一样的：左侧和右侧的部分宽度固定，中间部分宽度随浏览器宽度的变化而自适应变化。它们的实现方案在前半部分大同小异，不同之处是如何使中间部分的内容不被两侧遮挡。
准备阶段
此部分属于双飞翼布局和圣杯布局实现方案的前半部分，实现原理是利用 float 和 negative margin 技术。可以按以下步骤进行：
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按 middle left right 的顺序写出三个 div ，设置 left 和 right 固定宽度分别为 190px ， 220px （可以给这三栏都加上 min-height ，让它们的初始高度一致。还可以给作为容器的 container 加上 min-width ，以避免窗口宽度缩小时，中间部分消失的问题）
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给这三栏都加上 float: left
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给 middle 加上 width: 100% ，这时候 left 和 right 会被挤下去
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给 left 加上 margin-left: -100% ，拉到 middle 的左边
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给 right 加上 margin-left: -220 px ，拉到 middle 的右边
在准备阶段完成后，中间部分的内容会被两侧遮挡到，接下来分别介绍两种布局对于该问题的解决方案。
解决方案
双飞翼布局
给 middle 加一层包裹 middle-wrap ，并设置其 margin: 0 220px 0 190px
以下是完整的代码实现：
<!DOCTYPEhtml><htmllang="en"> <head> <metacharset="UTF-8"> <title>双飞翼布局</title> <styletype="text/css"> *{ margin: 0; padding: 0; } .middle, .left, .right{ float: left; min-height: 200px; } .middle{ width: 100%; background-color: green; } .middle-wrap{ margin: 0 220px 0 190px; } .left{ width: 190px; margin-left: -100%; background-color: red; } .right{ width: 220px; margin-left: -220px; background-color: blue; } .container{ min-width: 600px; } .header, .footer{ text-align: center; background-color: yellow; } .footer{ clear: both; } </style></head> <body> <divclass="header"> <h2 id="header">header</h2> </div> <divclass="container"> <divclass="middle"> <divclass="middle-wrap"> <h2 id="middle">middle</h2> </div> </div> <divclass="left"> <h2 id="left">left</h2> </div> <divclass="right"> <h2 id="right">right</h2> </div> </div> <divclass="footer"> <h2 id="footer">footer</h2> </div></body> </html> 圣杯布局
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给这三栏的容器 container 加上 padding: 0 220px 0 190px，这会使整个容器左右两边各留出 190px 和 220px 的 padding 。
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对 left 和 right 设置相对定位 position: relative 和偏移量，从而将它们移动到左右两边的 padding 中。
以下是完整的代码实现：
<!DOCTYPEhtml><htmllang="en"> <head> <metacharset="UTF-8"> <title>圣杯布局</title> <styletype="text/css"> *{ margin: 0; padding: 0; } .middle, .left, .right{ float: left; min-height: 200px; } .left, .right{ position: relative; } .middle{ width: 100%; background-color: green; } .left{ width: 190px; margin-left: -100%; left: -190px; background-color: red; } .right{ width: 220px; margin-left: -220px; right: -220px; background-color: blue; } .container{ padding: 0 220px 0 190px; min-width: 600px; } .header, .footer{ text-align: center; background-color: yellow; } .footer{ clear: both; } </style></head> <body> <divclass="header"> <h2 id="header">header</h2> </div> <divclass="container"> <divclass="middle"> <h2 id="middle">middle</h2> </div> <divclass="left"> <h2 id="left">left</h2> </div> <divclass="right"> <h2 id="right">right</h2> </div> </div> <divclass="footer"> <h2 id="footer">footer</h2> </div></body> </html> 结论
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两种布局都可以实现中间内容最先加载。
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相比圣杯布局，双飞翼布局多创建了一个 div ，但不用相对定位。双飞翼布局兼容性很好，可以兼容到IE6。此处的圣杯布局经个人测试，可以兼容到IE8。
参考文章
CSS布局 — 圣杯布局 & 双飞翼布局
双飞翼布局介绍-始于淘宝UED
圣杯布局
CSS布局终极方案之–圣杯布局
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