Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial CSS的独特性Specificity的示例代码分析

CSS的独特性Specificity的示例代码分析

Mar 29, 2017 pm 05:39 PM

CSS是一个陈述性语言,你可以为DOM中每个元素定义规则风格, 在这些定义中,一些规则会比在顺序上在后面的其他规则具有更高的优先权,比如inline内联就比其之前定义的规则更优先,比如如果我们有下面HTML和CSS代码:

<button class="button-warning">
Copy after login

其CSS是:

.button-warning {
background: red;
}


button, input[type=submit] {
background: gray;
}
Copy after login

因为.button-warning 在 button, input[type=submit]之前定义,按顺序关系猜测,它的background: red会被后者的background: gray覆盖,其实不是,它反而比后者更优先。

一些selector选择器会比其他更具有特殊性,比如#id选择器比.class选择器更高优先权。因为选择器之间有这种相比而言更具特殊性或优先权的现象,因此,如果我们不断任意用一个选择器高于另外一个选择器,那么就会陷入特殊性地狱,因为楼外有楼,山外有山,这样的代码难以维护。所以,在编写选择器时,我们需要问自己,这个选择器是能实现功能的中最低级别的?

下面是特殊性的层次,从高到低:

1.内联最高,内联是用在XHTML中的style内部,直接和XHTML元素挂钩,比如:

<h1 style="color: #fff;">
Copy after login

这个就是在h1元素中内联了style值为”color: #fff;“,这个内联是比其他包括在css文件中的h1定义更具有特殊性,优先权最高,尽管你在css文件中也定义了h1的style,但是因为有了这行的内联定义而失效。

2. 其次是选择器的ID,ID是HTML元素的唯一标识,使用#前缀,比如#p。

3.再次是选择器的类 属性伪类,包括以圆点为前缀的.classes [属性] 或伪类的:hover :focus

4.Html元素和伪元素 包括:before:after实例

如果一个元素综合了以上多个特殊性,那么计算特殊性的分数越高,优先权越高,如何计算特殊性?

首先从0分开始,内联增加1000分,ID增加100分,类和伪类加10分,元素和伪元素 加1分。

比如:

body #content .data img:hover
Copy after login

特殊性分数值计算如下:#content是ID,故加100分;.data是类,故加10分;而:hover是伪类故加10分,body是属于Html元素故加1分,而img也是Html元素故加1分,总分是122分。

比如:CSS定义如下:

a{ color:blue;}
p a{ color:green;}
p a.mycolor{ color:red;}
Copy after login

那么Html规则使用如下:

<p><a href="#" class="mycolor"></a></p>
Copy after login
<p><a href="#" class="mycolor"></a></p>

那么,最后哪个定义占据优先权,也就是字体到底是什么颜色?注意这里有一个.mycolor选择器类是分数最高,会加10分,因此这个字的颜色最后为红色。当然,如果没有.mycolor定义,比如:

<p><a href="#" ></a></p>
Copy after login

这时颜色是绿色,因为都是有两个普通html元素p和a,分数为2。

所以,这里有另外一个计算特殊性方法:

  1. 统计选择器中ID的数量,也就是#p之类数量

  2. 统计选择器中的.class类数量

  3. 统计html元素名称和伪元素数量

最后,按照三个顺序从高到低1条-2条-3条定义特殊性。

以上就是CSS的独特性Specificity的示例代码分析的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

What does placeholder mean in vue What does placeholder mean in vue May 07, 2024 am 09:57 AM

In Vue.js, the placeholder attribute specifies the placeholder text of the input element, which is displayed when the user has not entered content, provides input tips or examples, and improves form accessibility. Its usage is to set the placeholder attribute on the input element and customize the appearance using CSS. Best practices include being relevant to the input, being short and clear, avoiding default text, and considering accessibility.

What does span mean in js What does span mean in js May 06, 2024 am 11:42 AM

The span tag can add styles, attributes, or behaviors to text. It is used to: add styles, such as color and font size. Set attributes such as id, class, etc. Associated behaviors such as clicks, hovers, etc. Mark text for further processing or citation.

What does rem mean in js What does rem mean in js May 06, 2024 am 11:30 AM

REM in CSS is a relative unit relative to the font size of the root element (html). It has the following characteristics: relative to the root element font size, not affected by the parent element. When the root element's font size changes, elements using REM will adjust accordingly. Can be used with any CSS property. Advantages of using REM include: Responsiveness: Keep text readable on different devices and screen sizes. Consistency: Make sure font sizes are consistent throughout your website. Scalability: Easily change the global font size by adjusting the root element font size.

How to introduce images into vue How to introduce images into vue May 02, 2024 pm 10:48 PM

There are five ways to introduce images in Vue: through URL, require function, static file, v-bind directive and CSS background image. Dynamic images can be handled in Vue's computed properties or listeners, and bundled tools can be used to optimize image loading. Make sure the path is correct otherwise a loading error will appear.

What is the function of span tag What is the function of span tag Apr 30, 2024 pm 01:54 PM

The SPAN tag is an inline HTML tag that is used to highlight text by applying attributes such as style, color, and font size. This includes emphasizing text, grouping text, adding hover effects, and dynamically updating content. It is used by placing <span> and </span> tags around the text you want to emphasize, and is manipulated via CSS styling or JavaScript. The benefits of SPAN tags include semantic clarity, styling flexibility, and ease of maintenance.

How to wrap prompt in js How to wrap prompt in js May 01, 2024 am 06:24 AM

When using the prompt() method in JavaScript, you can achieve line breaks through the following three methods: 1. Insert the "\n" character at the position where you want to break the line; 2. Use the line break character in the prompt text; 3. Use CSS's "white" -space: pre" style forces line breaks.

What is node in js What is node in js May 07, 2024 pm 09:06 PM

Nodes are entities in the JavaScript DOM that represent HTML elements. They represent a specific element in the page and can be used to access and manipulate that element. Common node types include element nodes, text nodes, comment nodes, and document nodes. Through DOM methods such as getElementById(), you can access nodes and operate on them, including modifying properties, adding/removing child nodes, inserting/replacing nodes, and cloning nodes. Node traversal helps navigate within the DOM structure. Nodes are useful for dynamically creating page content, event handling, animation, and data binding.

What language is the browser plug-in written in? What language is the browser plug-in written in? May 08, 2024 pm 09:36 PM

Browser plug-ins are usually written in the following languages: Front-end languages: JavaScript, HTML, CSS Back-end languages: C++, Rust, WebAssembly Other languages: Python, Java

See all articles