CSS的独特性Specificity的示例代码分析
CSS是一个陈述性语言,你可以为DOM中每个元素定义规则风格, 在这些定义中,一些规则会比在顺序上在后面的其他规则具有更高的优先权,比如inline内联就比其之前定义的规则更优先,比如如果我们有下面HTML和CSS代码:
<button class="button-warning">
其CSS是:
.button-warning { background: red; } button, input[type=submit] { background: gray; }
因为.button-warning 在 button, input[type=submit]之前定义,按顺序关系猜测,它的background: red会被后者的background: gray覆盖,其实不是,它反而比后者更优先。
一些selector选择器会比其他更具有特殊性,比如#id选择器比.class选择器更高优先权。因为选择器之间有这种相比而言更具特殊性或优先权的现象,因此,如果我们不断任意用一个选择器高于另外一个选择器,那么就会陷入特殊性地狱,因为楼外有楼,山外有山,这样的代码难以维护。所以,在编写选择器时,我们需要问自己,这个选择器是能实现功能的中最低级别的?
下面是特殊性的层次,从高到低:
1.内联最高,内联是用在XHTML中的style内部,直接和XHTML元素挂钩,比如:
<h1 style="color: #fff;">
这个就是在h1元素中内联了style值为”color: #fff;“,这个内联是比其他包括在css文件中的h1定义更具有特殊性,优先权最高,尽管你在css文件中也定义了h1的style,但是因为有了这行的内联定义而失效。
2. 其次是选择器的ID,ID是HTML元素的唯一标识,使用#前缀,比如#p。
3.再次是选择器的类 属性和伪类,包括以圆点为前缀的.classes [属性] 或伪类的:hover :focus。
4.Html元素和伪元素 包括:before 和 :after实例
如果一个元素综合了以上多个特殊性,那么计算特殊性的分数越高,优先权越高,如何计算特殊性?
首先从0分开始,内联增加1000分,ID增加100分,类和伪类加10分,元素和伪元素 加1分。
比如:
body #content .data img:hover
特殊性分数值计算如下:#content是ID,故加100分;.data是类,故加10分;而:hover是伪类故加10分,body是属于Html元素故加1分,而img也是Html元素故加1分,总分是122分。
比如:CSS定义如下:
a{ color:blue;} p a{ color:green;} p a.mycolor{ color:red;}
那么Html规则使用如下:
<p><a href="#" class="mycolor"></a></p>
那么,最后哪个定义占据优先权,也就是字体到底是什么颜色?注意这里有一个.mycolor选择器类是分数最高,会加10分,因此这个字的颜色最后为红色。当然,如果没有.mycolor定义,比如:
<p><a href="#" ></a></p>
这时颜色是绿色,因为都是有两个普通html元素p和a,分数为2。
所以,这里有另外一个计算特殊性方法:
统计选择器中ID的数量,也就是#p之类数量
统计选择器中的.class类数量
统计html元素名称和伪元素数量
最后,按照三个顺序从高到低1条-2条-3条定义特殊性。
以上就是CSS的独特性Specificity的示例代码分析的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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