Home php教程 php手册 php (十二) 面向对象 构造方法与析构方法

php (十二) 面向对象 构造方法与析构方法

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:48 AM
name nbsp quot this

1. 构造方法

 

 大多数类都有一种称为构造函数的特殊方法。当创建一个对象时,它将自动调用构造函数,也就是使用new这个关键字来实例化对象的时候自动调用构造方法。

 

 

构造函数的声明与其它操作的声明一样,只是其名称必须是__construct( )。这是PHP5中的变化,以前的版本中,构造函数的名称必须与类名相同,这种在PHP5中仍然可以用,但现在以经很少有人用了,这样做的好处是可以使构造函数独立于类名,当类名发生改变时不需要改相应的构造函数名称了。为了向下兼容,如果一个类中没有名为__construct( )的方法,PHP将搜索一个php4中的写

 

法,与类名相同名的构造方法。

格式:function __construct ( [参数] ) { ... ... }

在一个类中只能声明一个构造方法,而是只有在每次创建对象的时候都会去调用一次构造方法,不能主动的调用这个方法,所以通常用它执行一些有用的初始化任务。比如对成属性在创建对象的时候赋初值。

 

 示例:

 

 

 

[php] view plaincopy

 

//创建一个人类  

class Person  

{  

//下面是人的成员属性  

var $name;         

var $sex;          

var $age;         

//定义一个构造方法参数为$name、$sex和 $age  

function __construct($name, $sex, $age)  

{  

//通过构造方法传进来的$name给成员属性$this->name赋初使值  

$this->name=$name;  

//通过构造方法传进来的$sex给成员属性$this->sex赋初使值  

$this->sex=$sex;  

//通过构造方法传进来的$age给成员属性$this->age赋初使值  

$this->age=$age;  

}  

//这个人的说话方法  

function say()  

{  

echo "我的名子叫:".$this->name." 性别:".$this->sex." 我的年龄是:".$this->age."
";  

}  

}  

//通过构造方法创建3个对象$p1、p2、$p3,分别传入三个不同的实参为姓名、性别和年龄  

$p1=new Person(“张3”,”男”, 22);  

$p2=new Person(“李4”,”女”, 33);  

$p3=new Person(“王5”,”男”, 44);  

//下面访问$p1对象中的说话方法  

$p1->say();  

//下面访问$p2对象中的说话方法  

$p2->say();  

//下面访问$p3对象中的说话方法  

$p3->say();  

?>  

 

 

输出结果为:

我的名子叫:张3性别:男我的年龄是:22

我的名子叫:李4性别:女我的年龄是:33

我的名子叫:王5性别:男我的年龄是:44

 

2.析构函数:

    与构造函数相对的就是析构函数。析构函数是PHP5新添加的内容,在PHP4中没有析构函数。析构函数允许在销毁一个类之前执行的一些操作或完成一些功能,比如说关闭文件,释放结果集等,析构函数会在到某个对象的所有引用都被删除或者当对象被显式销毁时执行,也就是对象在内存中被销毁前调用析构函数。与构造函数的名称类似,一个类的析构函数名称必须是__destruct( )。析构函数不能带有任何参数。

 格式:function __destruct ( ) { ... ... }

 

 示例:

 

 

<span style="color:#333333;"><?  
//创建一个人类  
class Person  
{  
//下面是人的成员属性  
var $name;   
var $sex;   
var $age;   
//定义一个构造方法参数为$name、$sex和$age  
   
function __construct($name, $sex, $age)  
{  
//通过构造方法传进来的$name给成员属性$this->name赋初使值  
$this->name=$name;  
//通过构造方法传进来的$sex给成员属性$this->sex赋初使值  
$this->sex=$sex;  
//通过构造方法传进来的$age给成员属性$this->age赋初使值  
$this->age=$age;  
}  
//这个人的说话方法  
function say()  
{  
echo "我的名子叫:".$this->name." 性别:".$this->sex." 我的年龄是:".$this->age."<br>";  
}  
//这是一个析构函数,在对象销毁前调用  
function __destruct()  
{  
echo &ldquo;再见&rdquo;.$this->name.&rdquo;<br>&rdquo;;  
   
}  
//通过构造方法创建3个对象$p1、p2、$p3,分别传入三个不同的实参为姓名、性别和年龄  
$p1=new Person(&ldquo;张3&rdquo;,&rdquo;男&rdquo;, 22);  
$p2=new Person(&ldquo;李4&rdquo;,&rdquo;女&rdquo;, 33);  
$p3=new Person(&ldquo;王5&rdquo;,&rdquo;男&rdquo;, 44);  
//下面访问$p1对象中的说话方法  
$p1->say();  
//下面访问$p2对象中的说话方法  
$p2->say();  
//下面访问$p3对象中的说话方法  
$p3->say();  
?></span>  
Copy after login

 

 

输出结果为:

我的名子叫:张3性别:男我的年龄是:22

我的名子叫:李4性别:女我的年龄是:33

我的名子叫:王5性别:男我的年龄是:44

 

销毁张3

销毁李4

销毁王5

 

 

 



Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Solution: Your organization requires you to change your PIN Solution: Your organization requires you to change your PIN Oct 04, 2023 pm 05:45 PM

The message "Your organization has asked you to change your PIN" will appear on the login screen. This happens when the PIN expiration limit is reached on a computer using organization-based account settings, where they have control over personal devices. However, if you set up Windows using a personal account, the error message should ideally not appear. Although this is not always the case. Most users who encounter errors report using their personal accounts. Why does my organization ask me to change my PIN on Windows 11? It's possible that your account is associated with an organization, and your primary approach should be to verify this. Contacting your domain administrator can help! Additionally, misconfigured local policy settings or incorrect registry keys can cause errors. Right now

How to adjust window border settings on Windows 11: Change color and size How to adjust window border settings on Windows 11: Change color and size Sep 22, 2023 am 11:37 AM

Windows 11 brings fresh and elegant design to the forefront; the modern interface allows you to personalize and change the finest details, such as window borders. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions to help you create an environment that reflects your style in the Windows operating system. How to change window border settings? Press + to open the Settings app. WindowsI go to Personalization and click Color Settings. Color Change Window Borders Settings Window 11" Width="643" Height="500" > Find the Show accent color on title bar and window borders option, and toggle the switch next to it. To display accent colors on the Start menu and taskbar To display the theme color on the Start menu and taskbar, turn on Show theme on the Start menu and taskbar

How to change title bar color on Windows 11? How to change title bar color on Windows 11? Sep 14, 2023 pm 03:33 PM

By default, the title bar color on Windows 11 depends on the dark/light theme you choose. However, you can change it to any color you want. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions for three ways to change it and personalize your desktop experience to make it visually appealing. Is it possible to change the title bar color of active and inactive windows? Yes, you can change the title bar color of active windows using the Settings app, or you can change the title bar color of inactive windows using Registry Editor. To learn these steps, go to the next section. How to change title bar color in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app press + to open the settings window. WindowsI go to "Personalization" and then

OOBELANGUAGE Error Problems in Windows 11/10 Repair OOBELANGUAGE Error Problems in Windows 11/10 Repair Jul 16, 2023 pm 03:29 PM

Do you see "A problem occurred" along with the "OOBELANGUAGE" statement on the Windows Installer page? The installation of Windows sometimes stops due to such errors. OOBE means out-of-the-box experience. As the error message indicates, this is an issue related to OOBE language selection. There is nothing to worry about, you can solve this problem with nifty registry editing from the OOBE screen itself. Quick Fix – 1. Click the “Retry” button at the bottom of the OOBE app. This will continue the process without further hiccups. 2. Use the power button to force shut down the system. After the system restarts, OOBE should continue. 3. Disconnect the system from the Internet. Complete all aspects of OOBE in offline mode

How to enable or disable taskbar thumbnail previews on Windows 11 How to enable or disable taskbar thumbnail previews on Windows 11 Sep 15, 2023 pm 03:57 PM

Taskbar thumbnails can be fun, but they can also be distracting or annoying. Considering how often you hover over this area, you may have inadvertently closed important windows a few times. Another disadvantage is that it uses more system resources, so if you've been looking for a way to be more resource efficient, we'll show you how to disable it. However, if your hardware specs can handle it and you like the preview, you can enable it. How to enable taskbar thumbnail preview in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app tap the key and click Settings. Windows click System and select About. Click Advanced system settings. Navigate to the Advanced tab and select Settings under Performance. Select "Visual Effects"

Display scaling guide on Windows 11 Display scaling guide on Windows 11 Sep 19, 2023 pm 06:45 PM

We all have different preferences when it comes to display scaling on Windows 11. Some people like big icons, some like small icons. However, we all agree that having the right scaling is important. Poor font scaling or over-scaling of images can be a real productivity killer when working, so you need to know how to customize it to get the most out of your system's capabilities. Advantages of Custom Zoom: This is a useful feature for people who have difficulty reading text on the screen. It helps you see more on the screen at one time. You can create custom extension profiles that apply only to certain monitors and applications. Can help improve the performance of low-end hardware. It gives you more control over what's on your screen. How to use Windows 11

10 Ways to Adjust Brightness on Windows 11 10 Ways to Adjust Brightness on Windows 11 Dec 18, 2023 pm 02:21 PM

Screen brightness is an integral part of using modern computing devices, especially when you look at the screen for long periods of time. It helps you reduce eye strain, improve legibility, and view content easily and efficiently. However, depending on your settings, it can sometimes be difficult to manage brightness, especially on Windows 11 with the new UI changes. If you're having trouble adjusting brightness, here are all the ways to manage brightness on Windows 11. How to Change Brightness on Windows 11 [10 Ways Explained] Single monitor users can use the following methods to adjust brightness on Windows 11. This includes desktop systems using a single monitor as well as laptops. let's start. Method 1: Use the Action Center The Action Center is accessible

How to Fix Activation Error Code 0xc004f069 in Windows Server How to Fix Activation Error Code 0xc004f069 in Windows Server Jul 22, 2023 am 09:49 AM

The activation process on Windows sometimes takes a sudden turn to display an error message containing this error code 0xc004f069. Although the activation process is online, some older systems running Windows Server may experience this issue. Go through these initial checks, and if they don't help you activate your system, jump to the main solution to resolve the issue. Workaround – close the error message and activation window. Then restart the computer. Retry the Windows activation process from scratch again. Fix 1 – Activate from Terminal Activate Windows Server Edition system from cmd terminal. Stage – 1 Check Windows Server Version You have to check which type of W you are using

See all articles