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PHP 分析查询MySQL大量数据的内存占用情况

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:48 AM
mysql nbsp php query

这篇文章主要是从原理, 手册和源码分析在PHP中查询MySQL返回大量结果时, 内存占用的问题, 同时对使用MySQL C API也有涉及.

 

昨天, 有同事在PHP讨论群(276167802 验证:csl,有兴趣的话可以加入进来一起讨论)里提到, 他做的一个项目由于MySQL查询返回的结果太多(达10万条), 从而导致PHP内存不够用. 所以, 他问, 在执行下面的代码遍历返回的MySQL结果之前, 数据是否已经在内存中了? -

 

[php]  

while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {  

// ...  

}  

 

当然, 这种问题有许多优化的方法. 不过, 就这个问题来讲, 我首先想到, MySQL是经典的C/S(Client/Server, 客户端/服务器)模型, 在遍历结果集之前, 底层的实现可能已经把所有的数据通过网络(假设使用TCP/IP)读到了Client的缓冲区, 也有另一种可能, 就是数据还在Server端的发送缓冲区里, 并没有传给Client.

 

在查看PHP和MySQL的源码之前, 我注意到PHP手册里有两个功能相近的函数:

 

[php]  

mysql_query()  

mysql_unbuffered_query()  

 

两个函数的字面意思和说明证实了我的想法, 前一个函数执行时, 会把所有的结果集从Server端读到Client端的缓冲区中, 而后一个则没有, 这就是”unbuffered(未缓冲)”的意思.

 

那就是说, 如果用mysql_unbuffered_query()执行了一条返回大量结果集的SQL语句, 在遍历结果之前, PHP的内存是没有被结果集占用的. 而用mysql_query()来执行同样的语句的话, 函数返回时, PHP的内存占用便会急剧增加, 立即耗光内存.

 

如果阅读PHP的相关代码, 可以看到这两个函数的实现上的异同:

 

[php]  

/* {{{ proto resource mysql_query(string query [, int link_identifier]) 

Sends an SQL query to MySQL */  

PHP_FUNCTION(mysql_query)  

{  

php_mysql_do_query(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, MYSQL_STORE_RESULT);  

}  

/* }}} */  

  

/* {{{ proto resource mysql_unbuffered_query(string query [, int link_identifier]) 

Sends an SQL query to MySQL, without fetching and buffering the result rows */  

PHP_FUNCTION(mysql_unbuffered_query)  

{  

php_mysql_do_query(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, MYSQL_USE_RESULT);  

}  

/* }}} */  

 

两个函数都调用了php_mysql_do_query(), 只差了第2个参数的不同, MYSQL_STORE_RESULT和MYSQL_USE_RESULT. 再看php_mysql_do_query()的实现:

 

[php] 

if(use_store == MYSQL_USE_RESULT) {  

mysql_result=mysql_use_result(&mysql->conn);  

} else {  

mysql_result=mysql_store_result(&mysql->conn);  

}  

 

mysql_use_result()和mysql_store_result()是MySQL的C API函数, 这两个C API函数的区别就是后者把结果集从MySQL Server端全部读取到了Client端, 前者只是读取了结果集的元信息.

 

回到PHP, 使用mysql_unbuffered_query(), 可以避免内存的立即占用. 如果在遍历的过程不对结果进行”PHP缓存”(如放到某数组中), 则整个执行过程虽然操作了十万条或者百万条或者更多的数据, 但PHP占用的内存始终是非常小的.

 

希望本文对广大php开发者有所帮助,感谢阅读本文。



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