Elm架构_html/css_WEB-ITnose
Elm是一个能够编译成Javascript的函数语言,它可以像React那样作为一个工具用来创建网站或网站应用,Elm 非常简单 易用和优质。
Elm作为函数语言有以下特点:
1.没有运行时的错误,没有null. 没有undefined is not a function.
2.错误信息友好,能够帮助你更快速加入功能。
3.良好架构的代码意味着你的应用代码以良好的构架增长。
4.对所有Elm包自动执行语义版本。.
下面以一个计数器为案例:
<b>import</b> Html exposing (Html, button, div, text)<b>import</b> Html.App as Html<b>import</b> Html.Events exposing (onClick)main = Html.beginnerProgram { model = 0, view = view, update = update }type Msg = Increment | Decrementupdate msg model = <b>case</b> msg of Increment -> model + 1 Decrement -> model - 1view model = div [] [ button [ onClick Decrement ] [ text "-" ] , div [] [ text (toString model) ] , button [ onClick Increment ] [ text "+" ] ]
注意update和 view是完全解耦的,你可以以声明方式描述你的HTML,而Elm会负责与DOM打交道。
Elm是一个针对无限嵌套组件的简单模式,它非常模块化,易于代码重用和测试,能够帮助你方便创建复杂的Web应用。
每个Elm程序逻辑被划分为三个清晰部分:
Model — 你的应用状态
Update — 更新状态的方式
View — 将状态作为HTML显示的方式
Elm架构是一种简单架构Web应用的模式,类似Redux一样声明,这也是它越来越流行的原因。
这个模式非常可靠,可以下面伪代码说明,每次使用只要填空细节就可以:
<b>import</b> Html exposing (..)-- MODELtype alias Model = { ... }-- UPDATEtype Msg = Reset | ...update : Msg -> Model -> Modelupdate msg model = <b>case</b> msg of Reset -> ... ...-- VIEWview : Model -> Html Msgview model = ...
更详细说明见: http://guide.elm-lang.org/architecture/index.html
Elm 0.17发布以后,引入了消息订阅通过Websocket获得后台状态,只需要两行代码就可以实现和后端服务器交互:
WebSocket.send "ws://echo.websocket.org" input
WebSocket.listen "ws://echo.websocket.org" NewMessage
第一句是向服务器发出数据,第二句是监听服务器的数据,数据内容在NewMessage,NewMessage内容会自动喂给update。
而如果使用Javascript实现这段通讯,将会是非常麻烦,你需要创建一个新的web socket!然后打开一个连接,但是还不能忘记加入对错误的监听,以便连接失败能够重新再连接,并且定义在没有连接时不要发消息(这属于运行错误),你还需要对消息队列化然后再发送,然后确定websocket能被使用并且关闭等等,这些都是涉及大量细节,而声明式编程就应该如上面两行代码直接声明使用,去除了大量技术细节。

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