php生成随机密码的方法总结
使用PHP开发应用程序,尤其是网站程序,常常需要生成随机密码,如用户注册生成随机密码,用户重置密码也需要生成一个随机的密码。随机密码也就是一串固定长度的字符串,这里我收集整理了几种生成随机字符串的方法,以供大家参考。
方法一:
1、在 33 – 126 中生成一个随机整数,如 35,
2、将 35 转换成对应的ASCII码字符,如 35 对应 #
3、重复以上 1、2 步骤 n 次,连接成 n 位的密码
该算法主要用到了两个函数,mt_rand ( int $min , int $max )函数用于生成随机整数,其中 $min – $max 为 ASCII 码的范围,这里取 33 -126 ,可以根据需要调整范围,如ASCII码表中 97 – 122 位对应 a – z 的英文字母,具体可参考 ASCII码表; chr ( int $ascii )函数用于将对应整数 $ascii 转换成对应的字符,具体的函数代码如下:
function create_password($pw_length=8){ $randpwd=''; for($i=0;$i <p><font face="Courier New">使用方法如下,这里生成一个长度为6的随机密码:</font></p> <pre title="code"> echo create_password(6);
方法二:
1、预置一个的字符串 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符
2、在 $chars 字符串中随机取一个字符
3、重复第二步 n 次,可得长度为 n 的密码
function generate_password($length=8){ // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*()-_ []{}~`+=,.;:/?'; $password=''; for($i=0;$i <p><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><font face="Courier New">方法三:</font></strong></span></p> <p><font face="Courier New">1、预置一个的字符数组 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符<br> 2、通过array_rand()从数组 $chars 中随机选出 $length 个元素<br> 3、根据已获取的键名数组 $keys,从数组 $chars 取出字符拼接字符串。该方法的缺点是相同的字符不会重复取。</font></p> <pre title="code"> function make_password($length=8){ // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars=array('a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h', 'i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s', 't','u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C','D', 'E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O', 'P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z', '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','!', '@','#','$','%','^','&','*','(',')','-','_', '[',']','{','}','','~','`','+','=',',', '.',';',':','/','?',''); // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 $keys=array_rand($chars,$length); $password=''; for($i=0;$i <p><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><font face="Courier New">方法四:</font></strong></span></p> <p><font face="Courier New">1、time() 获取当前的 Unix 时间戳<br> 2、将第一步获取的时间戳进行 md5() 加密<br> 3、将第二步加密的结果,截取 n 位即得想要的密码</font></p> <pre title="code"> function get_password($length=8){ $str=substr(md5(time()),0,6); return $str; }
时间效率对比
我们使用以下PHP代码,计算上面的 4 个随机密码生成函数生成 6 位密码的运行时间,进而对他们的时间效率进行一个简单的对比。
<?php function getmicrotime(){ list($usec,$sec)=explode(" ",microtime()); return((float)$usec+(float)$sec); } // 记录开始时间 $time_start=getmicrotime(); // 这里放要执行的PHP代码,如: // echo create_password(6); // 记录结束时间 $time_end=getmicrotime(); $time=$time_end-$time_start; // 输出运行总时间 echo "执行时间 $time seconds"; ?>
对于以上测试程序运行时间的方法,也可参照本站文章:
PHP计算程序运行时间的类
最终得出的结果是:
方法一:9.8943710327148E-5 秒
方法二:9.6797943115234E-5 秒
方法三:0.00017499923706055 秒
方法四:3.4093856811523E-5 秒
综上可以看出方法一和方法二的执行时间都差不多,方法四运行时间最短,而方法三的运行时间稍微长点。

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