Home php教程 php手册 使用 PHP 5.5 创建和验证哈希最简单的方法

使用 PHP 5.5 创建和验证哈希最简单的方法

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:49 AM
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PHP 5.5.0 于昨天发布,并带来了一份完整的全新特性与函数的列表。全新API之一就是Password Hashing API.它包含4个函数:password_get_info(), password_hash(),password_needs_rehash(),和password_verify().让我们分步来了解每个函数。

我们首先讨论password_hash()函数。这将用作创建一个新的密码的哈希值。它包含三个参数:密码、哈希算法、选项。前两项为必须的。你可以根据下面的例子来使用这个函数:

1 $password = 'foo';

2 $hash = password_hash($password,PASSWORD_BCRYPT);

3 //$2y$10$uOegXJ09qznQsKvPfxr61uWjpJBxVDH2KGJQVnodzjnglhs2WTwHu

你将注意到我们并没有给这个哈希加任何选项。现在可用的选项被限定为两个: cost 和salt。妖添加选项你需要创建一个关联数组。

1 $options = [ 'cost' => 10,

2              'salt' => mcrypt_create_iv(22, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM) ];

将选项添加到 password_hash() 函数后,我们的哈希值变了,这样更加安全。

1 $hash = password_hash($password,PASSWORD_BCRYPT,$options);

2 //$2y$10$JDJ5JDEwJDhsTHV6SGVIQuprRHZnGQsUEtlk8Iem0okH6HPyCoo22

现在哈希创建完毕了,我们可以通过 password_get_info() 查看新建哈希值得相关信息。 password_get_info() 需要一个参数——哈希值——并返回一个包含算法(所用哈希算法的整数代表形式)、算法名(所用哈希算法的可读名称)以及选项(我们用于创建哈希值得选项)的关联数组。

01 var_dump(password_get_info($hash));

02 /*

03 array(3) {

04   ["algo"]=>

05   int(1)

06   ["algoName"]=>

07   string(6) "bcrypt"

08   ["options"]=>

09   array(1) {

10     ["cost"]=>

11     int(10)

12   }

13 }

14 */

先一个被添加到 Password Hashing API 的是 password_needs_rehash(),它接受三个参数,hash、hash 算法以及选项,前两个是必填项。 password_needs_rehash()用来检查一个hash值是否是使用特定算法及选项创建的。这在你的数据库受损需要调整hash时非常有用。通过利用 password_needs_rehash() 检查每个hash值,我们可以看到已存的hash 值是否匹配新的参数, 仅影响那些使用旧参数创建的值。

最后,我们已经创建了我们的hash值,查阅了它如何被创建,查阅了它是否需要被重新hash,现在我们需要验证它。要验证纯文本到其hash值,我们必须使用 password_verify(),它需要两个参数,密码及hash值,并将返回 TRUE 或 FALSE。让我们检查一次我们获得的 hashed 看看是否正确。

1 $authenticate = password_verify('foo','$2y$10$JDJ5JDEwJDhsTHV6SGVIQuprRHZnGQsUEtlk8Iem0okH6HPyCoo22');

2 //TRUE

3 $authenticate = password_verify('bar','$2y$10$JDJ5JDEwJDhsTHV6SGVIQuprRHZnGQsUEtlk8Iem0okH6HPyCoo22');

4 //FALSE

通过以上知识,你可以在新的 PHP 5.5.0 版本中迅速且安全的创建 hash 密码了。



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