Table of Contents
认识DOM
通过ID获取元素
innerHTML 属性
改变 HTML 样式
显示和隐藏(display属性)
控制类名(className 属性)
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial JavaScript学习笔记

JavaScript学习笔记

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:53 AM

认识DOM

文档对象模型DOM(Document Object Model)定义访问和处理HTML文档的标准方法。DOM 将HTML文档呈现为带有元素、属性和文本的树结构(节点树)。

先来看看下面代码:

将HTML代码分解为DOM节点层次图:

HTML文档可以说由节点构成的集合,三种常见的DOM节点:

1. 元素节点:上图中、

等都是元素节点,即标签。

2. 文本节点:向用户展示的内容,如

  • ...
  • 中的JavaScript、DOM、CSS等文本。

    3. 属性节点:元素属性,如标签的链接属性href="http://www.imooc.com"。

    看下面代码:

    <a href="http://www.imooc.com">JavaScript DOM</a>
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    通过ID获取元素

    学过HTML/CSS样式,都知道,网页由标签将信息组织起来,而标签的id属性值是唯一的,就像是每人有一个身份证号一样,只要通过身份证号就可以找到相对应的人。那么在网页中,我们通过id先找到标签,然后进行操作。

    语法:

     document.getElementById(“id”)
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    看看下面代码:

    结果:null或[object HTMLParagraphElement]

    注:获取的元素是一个对象,如想对元素进行操作,我们要通过它的属性或方法。

    innerHTML 属性

    innerHTML 属性用于获取或替换 HTML 元素的内容。

    语法:

    Object.innerHTML
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    注意:

    1.Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("ID")获取的元素。

    2.注意书写,innerHTML区分大小写。

    我们通过id="con"获取

    元素,并将元素的内容输出和改变元素内容,代码如下:

    结果:

    改变 HTML 样式

    HTML DOM 允许 JavaScript 改变 HTML 元素的样式。如何改变 HTML 元素的样式呢?

    语法:

    Object.style.property=new style;
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    注意:Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("id")获取的元素。

    基本属性表(property):

    注意:该表只是一小部分CSS样式属性,其它样式也可以通过该方法设置和修改。

    看看下面的代码:

    改变

    元素的样式,将颜色改为红色,字号改为20,背景颜色改为蓝:

    <p id="pcon">Hello World!</p><script>   var mychar = document.getElementById("pcon");   mychar.style.color="red";   mychar.style.fontSize="20";   mychar.style.backgroundColor ="blue";</script>
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    结果:

    显示和隐藏(display属性)

    网页中经常会看到显示和隐藏的效果,可通过display属性来设置。

    语法:

    Object.style.display = value
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    注意:Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("id")获取的元素。

    value取值:

    看看下面代码:

    控制类名(className 属性)

    className 属性设置或返回元素的class 属性。

    语法:

    object.className = classname
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    作用:

    1.获取元素的class 属性

    1. 为网页内的某个元素指定一个css样式来更改该元素的外观

    看看下面代码,获得

    元素的 class 属性和改变className:

    结果:


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