JavaScript学习笔记
认识DOM
文档对象模型DOM(Document Object Model)定义访问和处理HTML文档的标准方法。DOM 将HTML文档呈现为带有元素、属性和文本的树结构(节点树)。
先来看看下面代码:
将HTML代码分解为DOM节点层次图:
HTML文档可以说由节点构成的集合,三种常见的DOM节点:
1. 元素节点:上图中、
、等都是元素节点,即标签。
2. 文本节点:向用户展示的内容,如
3. 属性节点:元素属性,如标签的链接属性href="http://www.imooc.com"。
看下面代码:
<a href="http://www.imooc.com">JavaScript DOM</a>
通过ID获取元素
学过HTML/CSS样式,都知道,网页由标签将信息组织起来,而标签的id属性值是唯一的,就像是每人有一个身份证号一样,只要通过身份证号就可以找到相对应的人。那么在网页中,我们通过id先找到标签,然后进行操作。
语法:
document.getElementById(“id”)
看看下面代码:
结果:null或[object HTMLParagraphElement]
注:获取的元素是一个对象,如想对元素进行操作,我们要通过它的属性或方法。
innerHTML 属性
innerHTML 属性用于获取或替换 HTML 元素的内容。
语法:
Object.innerHTML
注意:
1.Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("ID")获取的元素。
2.注意书写,innerHTML区分大小写。
我们通过id="con"获取 元素,并将元素的内容输出和改变元素内容,代码如下:
结果:
改变 HTML 样式
HTML DOM 允许 JavaScript 改变 HTML 元素的样式。如何改变 HTML 元素的样式呢?
语法:
Object.style.property=new style;
注意:Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("id")获取的元素。
基本属性表(property):
注意:该表只是一小部分CSS样式属性,其它样式也可以通过该方法设置和修改。
看看下面的代码:
改变
元素的样式,将颜色改为红色,字号改为20,背景颜色改为蓝:
<p id="pcon">Hello World!</p><script> var mychar = document.getElementById("pcon"); mychar.style.color="red"; mychar.style.fontSize="20"; mychar.style.backgroundColor ="blue";</script>
结果:
显示和隐藏(display属性)
网页中经常会看到显示和隐藏的效果,可通过display属性来设置。
语法:
Object.style.display = value
注意:Object是获取的元素对象,如通过document.getElementById("id")获取的元素。
value取值:
看看下面代码:
控制类名(className 属性)
className 属性设置或返回元素的class 属性。
语法:
object.className = classname
作用:
1.获取元素的class 属性
- 为网页内的某个元素指定一个css样式来更改该元素的外观
看看下面代码,获得 元素的 class 属性和改变className:
结果:
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