javascript 面向对象编程 万物皆对象_js面向对象
javascript和java、C#等语言一样也具有面向对象的一些特征,但细比较的时候,会发现这些特征并不是真正的面向对象,很多地方都是利用对象本身来模拟面向对象,所以认为javascript不能算是面向对象编程语言,而是基于对象的语言。
在javascript中真的是万物皆对象,new出来的东西是对象,方法是对象,连类也都是对象。下面分别来看一下对象、方法和类的对象特征。
1.拿内置的Date来看一下吧
var time = new Date();
var timeString = time.getFullYear() + "-" +
time.getMonth() + "-" +
time.getDate() + " " +
time.getHours() + ":" +
time.getMinutes() + ":" +
time.getSeconds();
document.write(timeString);
通过 time来操作其所引用的Date对象,可以方便的调用Date的对象所包含的一系列getXX()方法来获取年月日时分秒等信息。
可以再看一下String
var username = new String("hello world");
document.write(username.length);
变量username引用了new出来的字符串对象,通过username访问字符串对象的length属性。
2.方法也是对象
function hello() {
alert("hello");
};
var helloRef = hello;
helloRef();
hello是一个方法,helloRef是一个引用了hello方法的变量,helloRef和hello一样都指向了相同的方法对象。也就意味着helloRef也可以执行,helloRef()。同理也可以写出以下代码。
var helloRef = function() {
alert("hello");
};
helloRef();
function(){alert(“hello”)}是一个匿名方法,当然也是对象,用helloRef变量引用该方法对象后,可以通过helloRef来调用方法。
3.那么类呢?当然类也是对象,在javascript中,不像C#或java那样有class关键字用来创建类,而是直接使用方法的关键字来创建类或者叫模拟类。
function Person(username, age) {
this.Name = username;
this.Age = age;
this.Introduce = function() {
alert("我叫" + this.Name + ",今年" + this.Age + "岁了。");
};
};
var person1 = new Person("张三", 20);
person1.Introduce();
以上创建了一个Person类型,Person带有构造参数username和age,通过创建的Person对象可以调用Person所包含的方法Introduce。下面对代码做一些修改。
function Person(username, age) {
this.Name = username;
this.Age = age;
this.Introduce = function() {
alert("我叫" + this.Name + ",今年" + this.Age + "岁了。");
};
};
var PersonClass = Person;
var person1 = new PersonClass("张三", 20);
person1.Introduce();
重新声明新的变量PersonClass并引用Person类,PersonClass和Person都指向了原来的Person所引用的类,所以也可以用PersonClass来创建对象。
以上的几个例子可能不是很恰当,但也可以一窥javascript中万物皆对象。
下一节详细的谈一谈javascript中的对象。

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