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Apache的Mode Rewrite模块和.htaccess文件配合

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Jun 21, 2016 am 08:56 AM

apache htaccess nbsp rewrite

Apache的Mode Rewrite模块提供了一个基于正则表达式分析器的重写引擎来实时重写URL请求。在大多数情况下，它和.htaccess文件配合使用。比如本篇文章的URL（http://dancewithnet.com/2010/05/29/making-mod-rewrite-and-htaccess-work-on-mac-os-x）就是Wordpress配合Mod Rewrite模块和.htaccess文件一起实现的，即所谓的固定链接（Permalinks）。

Windows

在Windows下，我们一般使用的是Administrator账号，所以启用这两项非常简单：

在[Apache安装目录]/conf/httpd.conf中找到#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so，去掉前面的注释符号#。如果没有这行，请添加。并确认apache安装目录下的modules文件夹中是否有mod_rewrite.so这个文件。这样就启用了Mod Rewrite功能。
在[Apache安装目录]/conf/httpd.conf中找到
```
<code><code><code><code><directory></directory>     Options FollowSymLinks     AllowOverride None     Order deny,allow     Deny from all </code></code></code></code>
```
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把“AllowOverride None”改成“AllowOverride All”，这样所有的文件夹都支持.htaccess了，或者针对指定的文件夹启用.htaccess，可以在[Apache安装目录]/conf/httpd.conf中加入
```
<code><code><directory>     Options Indexes FollowSymLinks     AllowOverride All     Order allow,deny     Allow from all </directory></code></code>
```
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这种做法一般是和虚拟主机配置在一起的，所以大多数会把上述配置代码写入[Apache安装目录]/conf/extra/httpd-vhost.conf中，这样比较清晰易于管理。
重启Apache后，就ok了。

完成上诉步骤后，在Wordpress的固定链接中使用除默认外的链接设置，Wordpress会直接在其安装目录中生成对应的.htaccess，这样就可以使用设置的链接形式了。

Mac OS X

在Mac OS X中一般不使用root账号，而是通过sudo来获得root相关权限。一般情况下，我们把网站文件放在个人目录下，比如~/Sites，这样就涉及到Mac OS的权限管理，相对于Windows来说复杂不少。

在终端运行sudo vi /etc/apache2/httpd.conf，找到#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so，去掉前面的注释符号#。

运行sudo vi /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhost.conf，加入

<code><code><span style="WIDTH: 354px; HEIGHT: 120px" class="code"><code><code><directory><br>    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews<br>    AllowOverride All<br>    Order allow,deny<br>    Allow from all<br></directory></code></code></span></code></code>

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这样整个~/Sites都可以支持.htaccess。

运行 sudo vi /Private/etc/apache2/users/[用户名].conf，把其中的AllowOverride None改成AllowOverride All。需要注意的是，以前的Mac OS X版本，路径可能是/private/etc/httpd/users/[用户名].conf
在需要的目录新建.htaccess，并修改其权限为777，此处依旧以使用Wordpress的固定链接为例。
```
<code><code><code><code>cd ~/Sites/Wordpress touch .htaccess chmod 777 .htaccess</code></code></code></code>
```
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新建文件的权限默认是644，通过ls -l .htaccess就可以看到，此时程序无法自动写入.htaccess，这种情况比较安全，但是需要手动写入。
退出后重启Apache：sudo apachectl restart

完成上述设置之后，就可以使用Wordpress的固定链接功能了。需要注意的是，如果.htaccess是从Windows下直接复制过来，日志中可能会出现 without matching <ifmodule> section</ifmodule>的报错。简单的解决方案就是新建文件，重新复制粘贴。

原文：http://dancewithnet.com/2010/05/29/making-mod-rewrite-and-htaccess-work-on-mac-os-x/

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