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Windows下Perl开发环境的安装与配置

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:59 AM
microsoft perl windows

Perl是一种深受世界各地开发者喜爱的实用摘要和报表语言,虽然它是在Unix上诞生和发展起来的,但在Windows编程领域也已经占有一席之地。

在ActiveState等公司的领导之下,从1995年中期开始Perl开始了稳定地发展,不仅增加了标准的Perl功能,而且增加了许多面向Windows的功能,比如OLE和COM集成等。

事实上,到目前为止所有Perl程序员都已经能够确信,自己为UNIX服务器写的Perl应用移植到Windows服务器后同样能够流畅、稳定地运行,即使是fork实现这类长期以来最令人头疼的移植问题也已经得到解决。

而且我们有理由相信,Perl/Windows集成还将进一步发展。自Windows版Perl开发初期开始Microsoft已经成为它的主要资助者,这一事实足以证实Microsoft所承诺的对Perl的支持。按照最近Microsoft和ActiveState所签署的为期三年的投资协议,Perl无疑将成为未来Windows发展的一部分。

如果你正在寻找有关Windows版Perl的更多信息,你可以从网络上找到许多优秀的网站,其中包括:

<ccid_code>ActiveState Perl.com Aldo Calpini&single;s Perl Lab Roth Consulting Perl Page Evangelo Prodromou&single;s Win32 Perl FAQ Robin&single;s Perl for Win32 Page</ccid_code>
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无论你是想在Windows操作系统上学习Perl语言的核心功能,还是想了解下面这类面向Windows的Perl集成工具,你都必须从同一个地方开始,这就是在Windows上安装Perl:

用Perl操作OLE( object linking and Embedding ,对象链接和嵌入),

通过Perl管理Windows注册表,

用Perl编写COM对象( Component Object Model,组件对象模型),

在Perl程序里和其他COM对象通信,

利用Perl脚本实现IIS环境下的动态网页

本文是一个如何在Windows上安装和配置Perl开发环境的指南。后继的几篇文章将更深入地介绍Perl面向Windows的功能。

不过在正式开始之前,我们必须先声明一点,这就是安装Perl并不是“点击一下就完成”这样的简单过程,相反,为Windows增加Perl支持是一个反复循环的过程。由于Perl语言本身有着难以置信的发展活力,不仅其核心语言处于变化过程中,新的发行版本定期地出现,而且有众多Perl开发者不断地通过CPAN之类的资源收集网站发布免费新工具,因此,“安装”还意味着定期地升级和密切地关注Perl的最新发展。

前面已经提到,Perl Windows版的核心组织是ActiveState,它的主页是http://www.activestate.com。

Perl Windows版可以从ActiveState网站下载,产品的名字是ActivePerl。本文写作时ActivePerl的最新发行版本是build 522,可以从http://www.activestate.com/ActivePerl/download.htm直接下载。

Windows用户请下载Intel版本。另外,正如下载页面所指出的,在Windows 95上安装这个软件包还需要DCOM支持,DCOM可以在Microsoft 网站找到。用HTTP或FTP下载都是一样的,无论用哪种方法都可以。下载完成后,你会得到一个自己解压缩的执行文件,类如下图所示的Api509.exe。只需双击这个执行文件即可开始安装。

必须指出的是,如果系统中已经安装了Perl而且进行新的安装时某个进程正在使用它,新的安装过程可能不能正常进行,你将会看到一个警告信息窗口。

如果发生了这种情况,你应该立即结束安装过程,关闭所有可能使用Perl的服务/应用,然后再次安装。

如果你使用的是Windows NT,无法确定哪些服务正在使用Perl,可以打开“开始—— >设置—— >控制面板—— >服务”,检查系统所显示的服务列表,找出那些可能正在使用Perl的服务。关闭这些服务,然后重新开始安装。

当然大多数用户不需要担心这个问题。实际上,很有可能当你双击自动解压缩执行文件后就会看到ActiveState的许可协议声明。

阅读并接受许可协议之后,你将看到“Installation Notes”窗口,这个窗口向用户提示ActivePerl所有可用的安装选项。说明文档包含多个标题,每个标题各有详细的解释。这些标题包括:

把Perl的bin目录加入搜索路径

在Windows资源管理器中关联“.pl”扩展名和Perl.exe

为Web服务器关联“.pl”和Perl.exe

为IIS的ISAPI关联“.plx”和Perl

窗口的最下方询问你是否阅读并理解了这些说明。



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