连接PHP和 Java -- PHP/Java Bridge [1]
在WEB开发市场中，Java和PHP都是目前应用的热门技术。Java的强大是不容置疑的，不仅体现在WEB开发上，在各个软件应用领域，Java无所不在。而PHP在开源力量及ZEND,IBM,Oracle等公司的推动之下也日渐繁荣。不一定会有人相信互联网先锋人物Marc Andreessen 的预言“PHP将比Java更受欢迎”，但是“PHP瞄准企业市场，和Java展开正面较量”确实正在进行中，全球2200万个网站所采用的技术让人不得不重视。
两种技术可以激烈竞争，也可以紧密合作。从客户的角度来说，技术之间的融合非常重要，因为一个庞大的应用系统，通常不可能由单一语言/和技术独立完成。PHP/Java Bridge的出现就将成为PHP和Java间的一道桥梁，为需要结合PHP与Java的企业提供一个良好的选择。
//Haohappy对J2EE了解不深，如果有相关内容理解错误，欢迎批评指教。
（一）什么是JSR，什么是JSR223 ？
JSR(Java 规范请求)是指向JCP(Java Community Process)提出新增一个标准化技术规范的正式请求。任何人都可以提交JSR(Java 规范请求)，以向Java平台增添新的API和服务。JSR已成为Java界的一个重要标准。
在Java Servlet规范(Servlet 2.4,JSR-154)中，定义了一系列核心的抽象概念(WEB程序处理过程中需要考虑的各种对象)来让Java程序员编写WEB程序，包括session,request,response等等。当程序员在编写程序的时候，可以很方便安全地与这些对象进行通讯。JSR223描述的是这些Java对象如何向用其它脚本语言编写的WEB页面开放，使其它语言也可以访问这些对象。当前这个规范将被用于PHP，不过这种概念是独立于脚本语言的，也就是说在将来可能被应用于PHP之外的其它脚本语言。一句话，JSR223的目的是将脚本语言集成到Java平台之上。
(二) 什么是PHP/Java Bridge ?
PHP/Java Bridge包含一个PHP模块(包括java.so,php_java.dll)和一个相关的后端程序(JavaBridge.jar,JavaBridge.war或MonoBridge.exe)，用于连接PHP的对象体系到Java或ECMA 335(CLI, Microsoft .NET Framework的重要子集)虚拟机。 它完全实现了JSR 223规范请求，可以使PHP脚本访问基于CLR(如VB.NET，C#)或Java(Java,KAWA,JRuby)的应用程序。PHP/Java Bridge通过本地socket用一个高效的通讯协议与虚拟机进行通讯。一个多进程的HTTP服务器的每个处理请求的PHP进程都会有一个相应的虚拟机进程。
多个HTTP服务器的请求会被集中发送到一个运行着PHP/Java Bridge的应用服务器，或者每个HTTP服务器都有一个PHP/Java Bridge并和一个J2EE应用服务器进行通讯，必需的客户端类库(ejb client.jar)将在运行时被加载。
如果在ECMA虚拟机内至少有一个后端程序在运行，例如Novell的MONO或Microsoft的 .NET，那么基于ECMA 335的类就可以被访问，也可以支持varargs, reflection，assembly loading等特性。
如果在J2EE环境中有一个后端程序运行，PHP和JSP间就可以实现session共享，可以实现集群和负载平衡。
和以前的尝试 (ext/java 或 JSR223 的示例)不同，PHP/Java Bridge不再使用JNI(Java本地接口)。PHP对象将从HTTP(Apache/IIS)池而来，而Java/J2EE的对象从后端程序中分配而来。对象间通过“通讯传递样式(continuation passing style)”来进行通讯，见下面的java_closure()。一旦一个PHP对象崩溃，不会影响到Java应用服务器和servlet引擎。
从PHP/Java Bridge version 3.0开始，我们也可以把Java作为PHP脚本的一个运行环境。Java代码可以分配和调用PHP脚本，通过一个外部或内部的Java池。脚本对象可以来自于外部的HTTP池，或内部的php FastCGI池或直接使用php CGI。这个功能需要Java 6(预计2006年上半年推出) 或外部的javax.script包。
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