长沙发上的对话（一）
开始治疗
心理医生: 好。你今天感觉怎么样，维克多?
病人: 不太好，医生。我近来感到有点忧郁...
心理医生: 那是为什么，维克多?
病人: 我不知道，医生。我睡眠不太好，而且我一点胃口也没有。有一天我们去一个意大利餐馆，要了通心面 -- 但时当他们把它端上来的时候，我一点也吃不下去。我就一直看着它，在我的头里一直回荡着“女高音”的主题曲...
心理医生: 家里怎么样?
病人: 都很好，我想。Marge大部分时间都在厨房，试她从网上下载的菜谱。孩子们每天很早就出去了，一般在吃饭时才看得见他们，但是现在他们开始在Burger King吃了。那我也不能责备他们。
心理医生: 工作 - 都很好吧?
病人: 不太好 - 我有一个虐待成性的魔鬼老板，他打算打我的生活变成象Dilbert Zone一样！
心理医生: 跟我说一说他吧。
病人: 好，你知道我是做什么的 - 我是一个在Used Socks. Inc.的web程序员。下个星期我们的新网站就要使用了，我们正在做着完全不同的东西 -- 一个在线商店，供人们出售他们的旧物。我们得到了一些好心人的投资 - 6百万元，如果我们成为在web最受欢迎的旧物门户，我们还可得到更多的投资。
心理医生: 听上去对你不错嘛。
病人: 你说的对。但是，然后有一天老板进来，他说他交给我一项开发在线商店购物车的工作。他明确地要求我用什么叫“session”的东西。当然，只不过让事情变得有趣，他说他想在两天内做完并能运行...虐待狂、变态！
心理医生: 有问题吗?
病人: 有，特别是首先我根本不知道“session”是什么，或怎么去用它。我意思是说，我原以为一个session 就是对一个病人的短期治疗 -- 有一点象我们正在做的一样。
心理医生: 哦，维克多，维克多...这就是麻烦你的事吗?我想我可能有东西能帮助你...
西雅图无状态
开低级玩笑的人为了给能听到谈话的年轻女性留下印象，互相之间最经常说的事情之一就是：“HTTP是一种无状态协议，Internet是无状态开发环境”。用简单的话来讲，HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocal )协议，作为web的骨干，不能够记住与一个网站连接用户的身份，所以对web页的请求被看作是唯一和独立的连接，与在它之前的连接无论如何都没有关系 -- 这一点与今天很多爱冒险的十几岁的年轻人的行为很象，他们每天喝到深夜，第二天早晨醒来对发生过什么都不记得了，晚上再出去做同样的事，一遍又一遍...
现在，如果你是漫无目的地从一个站点冲浪到另一个，没有什么问题。但是当你想从Amazon.com上买几本书会怎么样呢?“在一个无状态的环境中，记住所有在你的购物单上的物品是非常困难的，因为HTTP协议的这种无状态的性质使得跟踪选中物品是不可能的。
因此就要求一种能够使记住状态成为可能的方法，能够跟踪用户的连接并且保存连接特定数据的东西。因此产生了“cookie”，它可以允许Web 站点在客户系统的一个文件中保存客户特定信息，并且当任何时候请求时都可以从文件中取出信息。所以，在上面的购物车例子中，被选中的商品可以加到cookie中，并且在消费者结帐时，可以被取出并呈现在购物单中。
基于cookie的解决方案存在一个问题，那就是它要求cookie能够被客户所接受。所以，有另一种解决办法就是使用“session”，当一个客户访问一个Web站点时，用它来保存特定的一小块数据。这个会话(session)数据在整个访问期间被保存下来。一个session可以被看成一个信息篮，它保存着主机的变量对。这些变量对在整个访间期间都存在，并且可以在任何时刻被处理。这个方法对协议的无状态的特点提供了一流的解决办法，并且在今天很多大型的网站上，可以跟踪和保存信息，用于个人和商业交易。
每一个被创建的session 都有一个唯一的标识串，这个串被发送到客户端，同时在服务端也生成了同样唯一标识串的入口，或者放在文本文件或者在一个数据库中。现在就可以注册任何的session 变量 -- 这些普通的变量可以保存文本或数值信息，可以通过session 被读出，或写入。
现在，如果你已经跟随着开放源码运动，你已经知道了PHP ，在这个星球上最热门的脚本语言。最新的版本是PHP4，包括了对session的创建和管理的支持，在下面的几页中，我们将向你展示如何使用它。如果你还在使用PHP3，不要失望 -- 我们也将涉及PHPLIB，它包括一组强大的PHP对象，可以在基于PHP3的站点上加入无缝的session管理。
在下面几页中，我们假设你已经有一个支持PHP4或PHPLIB的站点。如果还没有，你应该下载这些包，并且将它们安装到你的开发机器上去。PHP4，是一个质量优良的代码，可以在PHP站点 http://www.php.net找到，最新的PHPLIB版本可以在http://phplib.netuse.de/找到
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