如何用PHP把RDF内容插入Web站点之中(2)
li
rdf:resource="http://www.melonfire.com/community/columns/trog/article.ph
p?id
=71" />
li
rdf:resource="http://www.melonfire.com/community/columns/trog/article.ph
p?id
=62" />
rdf:Seq>
还可以在其中放置一个
所以为了肉,RSS1.0文档中的每一个
items>
rdf:Seq>
li
rdf:resource="http://www.melonfire.com/community/columns/trog/article.ph
p?id
=100" />
li
rdf:resource="http://www.melonfire.com/community/columns/trog/article.ph
p?id
=71" />
li
rdf:resource="http://www.melonfire.com/community/columns/trog/article.ph
p?id
=62" />
rdf:Seq>
在这个例子里,
你看得到,RSS1.0文件相当地直观明了,不管是手工,还是通过编程,都非常容易创建。上面的例子和解释仅仅是说明性质的,通常,你可以用RSS1.0和RDF做更多的事情。你最好看一下文章末尾提供的链接,以获取更多的信息。不过在这之前,我们再花几分钟讨论一如何将RSS1.0文档插入到你自己的Web站点之中。
4)鲜肉
既然从技术上讲,RSS是结构良好的XML文档,所以可以用标准的XML编程技术来处理它。主要有两种技术:SAX(the Simple API for XML)和DOM(the Document Object Model)。
SAX分析器工作时遍历整个XML文档,在遇到不用类型的标记时调用特定的函数。比如,调用特定函数处理一个开始标记,调用另一个函数处理一个结束标记,再调用一个函数处理两者之间的数据。分析器的职责仅仅是顺序遍历这个文档。而它所调用的函数负责处理发现的标记。一旦一个标记被处理完毕,分析器继续分析文档中的下一个元素,这一过程不断重复。
另一方面,DOM分析器工作是把整个XML文档读进内存当中,并将之转换成一种分层的树型结构。而且为访问不同的树结点(以及结点所附的内容)提供了API。递归处理方式加上API函数使得开发者能够区分不同类型的结点(元素,属性,字符数据,注释等),同时根据文档树的结点类型和结点深度,使得执行不同的动作成为可能。
SAX和DOM分析器几乎支持每一种语言,包括你我的最爱——PHP。我将在这篇文章中利用PHP的SAX分析器处理RDF的例子。 当然,使用DOM分析器也同样很容易。
让我们看这个简单的例子,把它记在脑海里。下面是一个我将要使用的RDF文件,这个文件直接选自http://www.freshmeat.net/ :
version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
>
http://freshmeat.net/
and cross-platform open source software. Thousands of applications are
meticulously cataloged in the freshmeat.net database, and links to new
code are added daily.
dc:language>en-usdc:language>
dc:subject>Technologydc:subject>
dc:publisher>freshmeat.net
dc:creator>freshmeat.net contributorsdc:creator>
dc:rights>Copyright (c) 1997-2002 OSDNdc:rights>
dc:date>2002-02-11T10:20+00:00dc:date>
rdf:Seq>
rdf:li rdf:resource="http://freshmeat.net/releases/69583/" />
rdf:li rdf:resource="http://freshmeat.net/releases/69581/" />
rdf:Seq>
textinput rdf:resource="http://freshmeat.net/search/" />
http://freshmeat.net/
http://freshmeat.net/releases/69583/
dc:date>2002-02-11T04:52-06:00dc:date>
http://freshmeat.net/releases/69581/
dc:date>2002-02-11T04:52-06:00dc:date>
rdf:RDF>
下面是分析这一文档并显示其中数据的PHP脚本:
php
// XML file
$file = "fm-releases.rdf",
// set up some variables for use by the parser
$currentTag = "",
$flag = "",
// create parser
$xp = xml_parser_create(),
// set element handler
xml_set_element_handler($xp, "elementBegin", "elementEnd"),
xml_set_character_data_handler($xp, "characterData"),
xml_parser_set_option($xp, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, TRUE),
// read XML file
if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r")))
{
die("Could not read $file"),
}
// parse data
while ($xml = fread($fp, 4096))
{
if (!xml_parse($xp, $xml, feof($fp)))
{
die("XML parser error: " .
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xp))),

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