用Socket发送电子邮件
PHP 主页空间中,能够提供mail功能的实在不多,总是调用完mail()函数之后就毫无下文了。但是电子邮件在网上生活中的作用越来越大。想一想网虫上网不收邮件能叫真正的网虫吗?邮件的作用我不想再说了,但是如果主页空间不支持mail()发送那么怎么办呢?我也想过通过socket来实现邮件发送,但无奈对用php 进行socket编程不熟悉,再加上发送邮件要用到SMTP协议,又要读不少的英文了,所以一直也没有去研究过。终于有一天我发现了一篇文章,关于用socket编程发送邮件。我如获至宝般将其拷贝下来,并且将其改造成了一个php 可用的类,供大家使用。原来的文章只是一个简单的例子,而且还有一些错误,在我经过多次的实验、改造终于将其改成了一个直接使用socket,向指定的邮箱发送邮件的类,如果大家和前面关于发送MIME的文章结合起来,就可以实现在不支持mail()函数的网站上发送邮件了。因为发送邮件的过程需要时间,可能与mail()的处理机制还不完全一样,所以速度要慢一些,但是可以解决需要发送邮件功能的燃眉之急,同时你也可以学习用php 进行socket编程。下面就将这个类的实现原理介绍给大家,同时向大家讲解一些关于SMTP的基本知识。
Socket编程介绍
向大家申明,本人不是一个TCP/IP编程专家,故在此只是讲出了我的一点理解和体会。
使用fsockopen函数打开一个Internet连接,函数语法格式:
int fsockopen(string hostname, int port, int [errno], string [errstr], int [timeout]);
参数的意思我想不用讲了,这里由于要使用SMTP协议,所以端口号为25。在打开连接成功后,会返回一个socket句柄,使用它就可以象使用文件句柄一样的。可使用的操作有fputs(),fgets(),feof(),fclose()等。
SMTP的基础
基于TCP/IP的因特网协议一般的命令格式都是通过请求/ 应答方式实现的,采用的都是文本信息,所以处理起来要容易一些。SMTP是简单邮件传输协议的简称,它可以实现客户端向服务器发送邮件的功能。所以下面所讲的命令是指客户端向服务器发出请求指令,而响应则是指服务器返回给客户端的信息。
SMTP分为命令头和信息体两部分。命令头主要完成客户端与服务器的连接,验证等。整个过程由多条命令组成。每个命令发到服务器后,由服务器给出响应信息,一般为3 位数字的响应码和响应文本。不同的服务器返回的响应码是遵守协议的,但是响应正文本则不必。每个命令及响应的最后都有一个回车符,这样使用fputs()和fgets()就可以进行命令与响应的处理了。SMTP的命令及响应信息都是单行的。信息体则是邮件的正文部分,最后的结束行应以单独的"."作为结束行。
客户端一些常用的SMTP指令为:
HELO hostname: 与服务器打招呼并告知客户端使用的机器名字,可以随便填写
MAIL FROM: sender_id : 告诉服务器发信人的地址
RCPT TO: receiver_id : 告诉服务器收信人的地址
DATA : 下面开始传输信件内容,且最后要以只含有.的特殊行结束
RESET: 取消刚才的指令,从新开始
VERIFY userid: 校验帐号是否存在(此指令为可选指令,服务器可能不支持)
QUIT : 退出连接,结束
服务器返回的响应信息为(格式为:响应码+空格+解释):
220 服务就绪(在socket连接成功时,会返回此信息)
221 正在处理
250 请求邮件动作正确,完成(HELO,MAIL FROM,RCPT TO,QUIT指令执行成功会返回此信息)
354 开始发送数据,结束以 .(DATA指令执行成功会返回此信息,客户端应发送信息)
500 语法错误,命令不能识别
550 命令不能执行,邮箱无效
552 中断处理:用户超出文件空间

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