使用MaxMind 根据IP地址对访问者定位
有时你需要知道你的站点访问者来自哪个国家——比如如果你正打算执行针对地理区域的广告计划。本文将对此方法进行介绍。
有时你需要知道你的站点访问者来自哪个国家——比如如果你正打算执行针对地理区域的广告计划。这正是象MaxMind's GeoIP一类的工具大显身手的地方——它可以让你从访问者的IP地址轻松获取其确切的地理位置信息。
MaxMind提供了商业数据库和免费数据库。前者更为精确,精度可以达使用者所在城市信息一级,而后者则只能确定国家和地区。在本文中,我们将演示免费版的使用方法。如果你需要更多详细信息,比如远程客户的城市以及国家信息,你需要从MaxMind:http://www.maxmind.com购买更详细的数据库。
起步
要使用此软件,你必须首先下载GeoIP免费国家信息文件:http://www.maxmind.com/app/geoip_country 并将其存放于Web服务器的某个目录中。然后你需要选择数据库文件所使用的语言API。为简化整个过程,我们将使用纯粹的PHP版本以避免其他额外的配置或设置Apache组件。请记住在安装软件到Web站点前阅读软件许可证条款:http://www.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/LICENSE.txt以确保你同意这些条款。
代码列表A
// include functions
include("geoip.inc");
// read GeoIP database
$handle = geoip_open("GeoIP.dat", GEOIP_STANDARD);
// map IP to country
echo "IP address 62.149.130.132 located in " . geoip_country_name_by_addr($handle, "62.149.130.132") . " (country code " . geoip_country_code_by_addr($handle, "62.149.130.132") . ")";
// close database handler
// www.knowsky.com
geoip_close($handle);
// print compulsory license notice
echo "
-- This product includes GeoIP data created by MaxMind, available from http://maxmind.com/ --";
?>
列表A中的代码显示了使用模块(geoip.inc)以访问GeoIP免费国家信息数据库(GeoIP.dat)的基本方法。示例假设PHP include和国家家信息数据库文件都在与PHP文件本身相同的目录中。如果示例与你的安装不同,则需要根据需要改变路径。
示例代码相当明了,在引入GeoIP PHP函数库后,第一步即使用geoip_open()函数打开GeoIP数据库文件。此函数接收两个参数:数据库文件路径和数据库类型。
我们然后使用由调用geoip_open()返回的句柄,由此根据所给的IP地址以获取两字母的国家代码及直观的国家名称。其中还要分别借助函数geoip_country_code_by_addr()和geoip_country_code_by_name()。二者都接收两个参数:由geoip_open()返回的句柄以及需要解析的IP地址。
一旦获得所需信息,我们通过调用geoip_close()关闭数据库文件。
所做的就是这么简单。

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