在PHP中用Socket发送电子邮件
在作者所申请的几个PHP 主页空间中,能够提供mail功能的实在不多,总是调用完mail()函数之后就毫无下文了。但是电子邮件在网上生活中的作用越来越大。想一想网虫上网不收邮件能叫真正的网虫吗?邮件的作用我不想再说了,但是如果主页空间不支持mail()发送那么怎么办呢?我也想过通过socket来实现邮件发送,但无奈对用php 进行socket编程不熟悉,再加上发送邮件要用到SMTP协议,又要读不少的英文了,所以一直也没有去研究过。终于有一天我发现了一篇文章,关于用socket编程发送邮件。我如获至宝般将其拷贝下来,并且将其改造成了一个php 可用的类,供大家使用。原来的文章只是一个简单的例子,而且还有一些错误,在我经过多次的实验、改造终于将其改成了一个直接使用socket,向指定的邮箱发送邮件的类,如果大家和前面关于发送MIME的文章结合起来,就可以实现在不支持mail()函数的网站上发送邮件了。因为发送邮件的过程需要时间,可能与mail()的处理机制还不完全一样,所以速度要慢一些,但是可以解决需要发送邮件功能的燃眉之急,同时你也可以学习用php 进行socket编程。下面就将这个类的实现原理介绍给大家,同时向大家讲解一些关于SMTP的基本知识。
Socket编程介绍
向大家申明,本人不是一个TCP/IP编程专家,故在此只是讲出了我的一点理解和体会。
使用fsockopen函数打开一个Internet连接,函数语法格式:
int fsockopen(string hostname, int port, int [errno], string [errstr], int [timeout]);
参数的意思我想不用讲了,这里由于要使用SMTP协议,所以端口号为25。在打开连接成功后,会返回一
个socket句柄,使用它就可以象使用文件句柄一样的。可使用的操作有fputs(),fgets(),feof(),fclose()
等。
很简单地介绍就到这里吧。
SMTP的基础
基于TCP/IP的因特网协议一般的命令格式都是通过请求/ 应答方式实现的,采用的都是文本信息,所以处理起来要容易一些。SMTP是简单邮件传输协议的简称,它可以实现客户端向服务器发送邮件的功能。所以下面所讲的命令是指客户端向服务器发出请求指令,而响应则是指服务器返回给客户端的信息。
SMTP分为命令头和信息体两部分。命令头主要完成客户端与服务器的连接,验证等。整个过程由多条命令组成。每个命令发到服务器后,由服务器给出响应信息,一般为3 位数字的响应码和响应文本。不同的服务器返回的响应码是遵守协议的,但是响应正文本则不必。每个命令及响应的最后都有一个回车符,这样使用fputs()和fgets()就可以进行命令与响应的处理了。SMTP的命令及响应信息都是单行的。信息体则是邮件的正文部分,最后的结束行应以单独的"."作为结束行。
客户端一些常用的SMTP指令为:
HELO hostname: 与服务器打招呼并告知客户端使用的机器名字,可以随便填写
MAIL FROM: sender_id : 告诉服务器发信人的地址
RCPT TO: receiver_id : 告诉服务器收信人的地址
DATA : 下面开始传输信件内容,且最后要以只含有.的特殊行结束
RESET: 取消刚才的指令,从新开始
VERIFY userid: 校验帐号是否存在(此指令为可选指令,服务器可能不支持)
QUIT : 退出连接,结束
服务器返回的响应信息为(格式为:响应码+空格+解释):
220 服务就绪(在socket连接成功时,会返回此信息)
221 正在处理
250 请求邮件动作正确,完成(HELO,MAIL FROM,RCPT TO,QUIT指令执行成功会返回此信息)
354 开始发送数据,结束以 .(DATA指令执行成功会返回此信息,客户端应发送信息)
500 语法错误,命令不能识别
550 命令不能执行,邮箱无效
552 中断处理:用户超出文件空间
下面给出一个简单的命令头(这是在打开socket之后做的),是我向stmp.263.net发邮件的测试结果:
HELO limodou
250 smtp.263.net
MAIL FROM: chatme@263.net
250 Ok
RCPT TO: chatme@263.net
250 Ok
DATA
354 End data with .
To: chatme@263.net
From: chatme@263.net
Subject: test
From: chatme@263.net
test
.
QUIT
250 Ok: queued as C46411C5097E0
这就是一些SMTP的简单知识。相关内容可以查阅RFC。
RFC 821定义了收/发电子邮件的相关指令。
RFC 822则制定了邮件內容的格式。
RFC 2045-2048制定了多媒体邮件內容的格式,
RFC 1113, 1422-1424则是讨论如何增进电子邮件的保密性。
send_mail类的实现
现在开始介绍我所编写的发送邮件类。有了上面的预备知识了,下面就是实现了。
类的成员变量
var $lastmessage; //记录最后返回的响应信息
var $lastact; //最后的动作,字符串形式
var $welcome; //用在HELO后面,欢迎用户
var $debug; //是否显示调试信息
var $smtp; //smtp服务器
var $port; //smtp端口号
var $fp; //socket句柄
其中,$lastmessage和$lastact用于记录最后一次响应信息及执行的命令,当出错时,用户可以使用它们。为了测试需要,我还定义了$debug变量,当其值为true时,会在运行过程中显示一些执行信息,否则无任何输出。$fp用于保存打开后的socket句柄。
类的构造
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function send_mail($smtp, $welcome="", $debug=false)
{
if(empty($smtp)) die("SMTP cannt be NULL!");
$this->smtp=$smtp;
if(empty($welcome))
{
$this->welcome=gethostbyaddr("localhost");
}
else
$this->welcome=$welcome;
$this->debug=$debug;
$this->lastmessage="";
$this->lastact="";
$this->port="25";
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这个构造函数主要完成一些初始值的判定及设置。$welcome用于HELO指令中,告诉服务器用户的名字。HELO指令要求为机器名,但是不用也可以。如果用户没有给出$welcome,则自动查找本地的机器名。
显示调试信息
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 function show_debug($message, $inout)
2 {
3 if ($this->debug)
4 {
5 if($inout=="in") //响应信息
6 {
7 $m='8 }
9 else
10 $m='>> ';
11 if(!ereg("\n$", $message))
12 $message .= "
";
13 $message=nl2br($message);
14 echo "${m}${message}";
15 }
16 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这个函数用来显示调试信息。可以在$inout中指定是上传的指令还是返回的响应,如果为上传指令,则使用"out";如果为返回的响应则使用"in"。
第3行,判断是否要输出调试信息。
第5行,判断是否为响应信息,如果是,则在第7行将信息的前面加上"> "来区别上传指令。
第11-12行,判断信息串最后是否为换行符,如不是则加上HTML换行标记。第13行将所以的换行符转成HTML的换行标记。
第14行,输出整条信息,同时将信息颜色置为灰色以示区别。执行一个命令
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 function do_command($command, $code)
2 {
3 $this->lastact=$command;
4 $this->show_debug($this->lastact, "out");
5 fputs ( $this->fp, $this->lastact );
6 $this->lastmessage = fgets ( $this->fp, 512 );
7 $this->show_debug($this->lastmessage, "in");
8 if(!ereg("^$code", $this->lastmessage))
9 {
10 return false;
11 }
12 else
13 return true;
14 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在编写socket处理部分发现,一些命令的处理很相似,如HELO,MAIL FROM,RCPT TO,QUIT,DATA命令,都要求根据是否显示调试信息将相关内容显示出来,同时对于返回的响应码,如果是期望的,则应继续处理,如果不是期望的,则应中断出理。所以为了清晰与简化,专门对这些命令的处理编写了一个通用处理函数。函数的参数中$code为期望的响应码,如果响应码与之相同则表示处理成功,否则出错。
第3行,记录最后执行命令。
第4行,将上传命令显示出来。
第5行,则使用fputs真正向服务器传换指令。
第6行,从服务器接收响应信息将放在最后响应消息变量中。
第7行,将响应信息显示出来。
第8行,判断响应信息是否期待的,如果是则第13行返回成功(true),否则在第10行返回失败(false)。
这样,这个函数一方面完成指令及信息的发送显示功能,别一方面对返回的响应判断是否成功。
邮件发送处理
下面是真正的秘密了,可要看仔细了。:)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 function send( $to,$from,$subject,$message)
2 {
3
4 //连接服务器
5 $this->lastact="connect";
6
7 $this->show_debug("Connect to SMTP server : ".$this->smtp, "out");
8 $this->fp = fsockopen ( $this->smtp, $this->port );
9 if ( $this->fp )
10 {
11
12 set_socket_blocking( $this->fp, true );
13 $this->lastmessage=fgets($this->fp,512);
14 $this->show_debug($this->lastmessage, "in");
15
16 if (! ereg ( "^220", $this->lastmessage ) )
17 {
18 return false;
19 }
20 else
21 {
22 $this->lastact="HELO " . $this->welcome . "\n";
23 if(!$this->do_command($this->lastact, "250"))
24 {
25 fclose($this->fp);
26 return false;
27 }
28
29 $this->lastact="MAIL FROM: $from" . "\n";
30 if(!$this->do_command($this->lastact, "250"))
31 {
32 fclose($this->fp);
33 return false;
34 }
35
36 $this->lastact="RCPT TO: $to" . "\n";
37 if(!$this->do_command($this->lastact, "250"))
38 {
39 fclose($this->fp);
40 return false;
41 }
42
43 //发送正文
44 $this->lastact="DATA\n";
45 if(!$this->do_command($this->lastact, "354"))
46 {
47 fclose($this->fp);
48 return false;
49 }
50
51 //处理Subject头
52 $head="Subject: $subject\n";
53 if(!empty($subject) && !ereg($head, $message))
54 {
55 $message = $head.$message;
56 }
57
58 //处理From头
59 $head="From: $from\n";
60 if(!empty($from) && !ereg($head, $message))
61 {
62 $message = $head.$message;
63 }
64
65 //处理To头
66 $head="To: $to\n";
67 if(!empty($to) && !ereg($head, $message))
68 {
69 $message = $head.$message;
70 }
71
72 //加上结束串
73 if(!ereg("\n\.\n", $message))
74 $message .= "\n.\n";
75 $this->show_debug($message, "out");
76 fputs($this->fp, $message);
77
78 $this->lastact="QUIT\n";
79 if(!$this->do_command($this->lastact, "250"))
80 {
81 fclose($this->fp);
82 return false;
83 }
84 }
85 return true;
86 }
87 else
88 {
89 $this->show_debug("Connect failed!", "in");
90 return false;
91 }
92 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
有些意思很清楚的我就不说了。
这个函数一共有四个参数,分别是$to表示收信人,$from表示发信人,$subject表求邮件主题和$message表示邮件体。如果处理成功则返回true,失败则返回false。
第8行,连接邮件服务器,如果成功响应码应为220。
第12行,设置阻塞模式,表示信息必须返回才能继续。详细说明看手册吧。
第16行,判断响应码是否为220,如果是,则继续处理,否则出错返回。
第22-27行,处理HELO指令,期望响应码为250。
第29-34行,处理MAIL FROM指令,期望响应码为250。
第36-41行,处理RCPT TO指令,期望响应码为250。
第44-49行,处理DATA指令,期望响应码为354。
第51-76行,生成邮件体,并发送。
第52-56行,如果$subject不为空,则查找邮件体中是否有主题部分,如果没有,则加上主题部分。
第59-63行,如果$from不为空,则查找邮件体中是否有发信人部分,如果没有,则加上发信人部分。
第66-70行,如果$to不为空,则查找邮件体中是否有收信人部分,如果没有,则加上收信人部分。
第73-74行,查找邮件体是否有了结束行,如果没有则加上邮件体的结束行(以"."作为单独的一行的特殊行)。
第76行,发送邮件体。
第78-83行,执行QUIT结否与服务器的连接,期望响应码为250。
第85行,返回处理成功标志(true)。
第81-91行,与服务器连接失败的处理。
以上为整个send_mail类的实现,应该不是很难的。
下面给出一个实例。
邮件发送实例
先给出一个最简单的实例:
1 include "sendmail.class.php3";
2 $email="Hello, this is a test letter!";
3 $sendmail=new send_mail("smtp.263.net", "limodou", true); //显示调示信息
4 if($sendmail->send("chatme@263.net", "chatme@263.net", "test", $email))
5 {
6 echo "发送成功!
";
7 }
8 else
9 {
10 echo "发送失败!
";
11 }
?>
第1行,装入send_mail类。
第3行,创建一个类的实例,且设置显示调示信息,如果不想显示,可以
$sendmail=new send_mail("smtp.263.net");。
第4行,发送邮件。
很简单,不是吗?下面再给合以前的发送MIME邮件的例子,给出一个发送HTML附件的例子。
include "MIME.class.php3";
//注,在发送MIME邮件一文中,这个类文件名为MIME.class,在此处我改成这样的
$to = 'chatme@263.net'; //改为收信人的邮箱
$str = "Newsletter for ".date('M Y', time());
//信息被我改少了
$html_data = '
Hello! This is a test!
';
//生成MIME类实例
$mime = new MIME_mail("chatme@263.net", $to, $str);
//添加HTML附件
$mime->attach($html_data, "", HTML, BASE64);
//注释掉,采用我的发送邮件处理
//$mime->send_mail();
//生成邮件
$mime->gen_email();
//显示邮件信息
//echo $mime->email."
";
//包含sendmail文件
include "sendmail.class.php3";
//创建实例
$sendmail=new send_mail("smtp.263.net", "limodou", true);
//发送邮件
$sendmail->send("chatme@263.net", "chatme@263.net", $str, $mime->email);
?>
注释写的很清楚,就不再做更多的解释了。如果实际应用中,请将send_mail构造函数中的debug设为false或不写即可。

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